Inheritance pattern of plant height in F1 Triticum aestivum L. using wheat-rye translocations in conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. To find out the inheritance pattern of plant height in the F1 hybrids from crossing varieties of Triticum aestivum L. which are carriers of wheat-rye translocations (WRT). Methods. The research was conducted in 2016-2017 at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIW) on 30 hybrid combinations of varieties-carriers of wheat-rye translocations. The degree of phenotypic dominance of plant height was determined by the formula B. Griffing; grouping was by G. M. Beil, & R. E. Atkins; manifestation of heterosis was by D. F. Matzinger et al. and S. Fonseca, F. Patterson. Results. The manifestation of depression in plant height in dry season of 2017 was established for almost quarter (seven) of hybrids, while in more favorable meteorological conditions of 2016 there was overdominance of short-stem in hybrid combinations: Kalynova 1BL.1RS / Lehenda Myronivska 1BL.1RS, Zolotokolosa 1AL.1RS / Kolumbiia 1AL.1RS, and Kolumbiia 1AL.1RS / Zolotokolosa 1AL.1RS. In 2017, one hybrid combination was characterized by partial negative inheritance. Regardless of the weather conditions of the year, positive overdominance (increase in plant height) was observed in six hybrid combinations which had high values of the coefficients of both true and hypothetical heterosis. The excess of the height of hybrid plants above the average value of this indicator of both parents was noted in 2016 in 73.3 % of the studied hybrid combinations, and in the unfavorable 2017 it was in 63.3 %. More cases were noted in the 1AL.1RS / 1BL.1RS and 1BL.1RS / 1AL.1RS crosses. Heterosis in plant height was determined for almost half of the hybrid combinations in the groups of crosses 1AL.1RS / 1BL.1RS (for two years) and 1BL.1RS / 1AL.1RS (in 2016). For two years depression of the trait “plant height” was found in hybrids created by using the variety Kolumbiia 1AL.1RS as maternal form when crossing with the variety Zolotokolosa 1AL.1RS, as well as in the hybrid combination Kalynova 1BL.1RS / Lehenda Myronivska 1BL.1RS. Conclusions. The use in crosses of varieties-carriers of WRT differing in plant height made it possible to obtain a different degree of dominance in F1: from overdominance (heterosis) to depression.