Abstract
BackgroundCyclops lesion is the second most common cause of extension loss after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study focused on the correlation between the anatomy of the intercondylar notch and the incidence of cyclops lesion. To determine whether the size and shape of the intercondylar notch are related to cyclops lesion formation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.MethodsOne hundred twenty-five (125) patients were retrospectively evaluated. The notch width index (NWI) and notch shape index (NSI) were measured based on coronal and axial MRI sections in patients diagnosed with cyclops syndrome (n = 25), diagnosed with complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (n = 50), and without cyclops lesions or ACL ruptures (n = 50).ResultsImaging analysis results showed that the cyclops and ACL groups had lower mean NWI and NSI values than the control group. Significant between-group differences were found in NSI (p = 0.0140) based on coronal cross-sections and in NWI (p = 0.0026) and NSI (p < 0.0001) based on axial sections.ConclusionsThe geometry of the intercondylar notch was found to be associated with the risk of cyclops lesion formation and ACL rupture.
Highlights
Cyclops lesion is the second most common cause of extension loss after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of the cyclops group, which were reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist, showed an abnormal signal anteriorly to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft in the intercondylar notch (Fig. 3)
In our study, we investigated the geometry of the intercondylar notch by measuring the width and shape index using MRI on the coronal and axial cross-sections to identify the associations between the geometry and the occurrence of cyclops syndrome
Summary
Cyclops lesion is the second most common cause of extension loss after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Cyclops lesion, defined as the local presentation of arthrofibrosis, is the second most common cause of extension loss after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction [1]. Several risk factors have been linked to loss of knee motion, including the mechanism of ACL injury and associated injuries, the timing of surgery, technical factors, and postoperative/rehabilitation factors [12]. Many authors have reported an association between early surgery and the development of arthrofibrosis [13,14,15,16], while others have found no relationship between the timing of surgery and extension loss [17,18,19,20,21]. Wasilewski et al [22] showed that acute ACL reconstruction (5–10 days after injury) significantly slowed down postoperative motion recovery compared to delayed surgery
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