Analysis of Grammatical Morphological Features of Nanai Language

Abstract

Nanai language is the language spoken by Nanai people and belongs to the Southeastern Nanai Group of the Southern Faction of the Tungusic Group of the Altaic Family. Nanai language greatly influenced the formation and development of other languages of the Southern Faction of Tungusic Group and its importance stands out in the genealogical study of Korean language as it is in the intermediate position of the Nivkh language which belongs to Evenki, Manchurian, and ancient Asian languages. According to the characteristics of Nanai language in terms of its external experience, it is closer to Mongol Faction than Turkic Faction and to Manchu language than Evenki among Tungusic languages. Nanai language has six vowels: a, e, o, i, ⲓ, and u, and the nasalization and diphthongization of the final vowels and the rhythm of vowels act as semantic discriminator. There are 18 consonants in Nanai language: b, v, g, d, d , j, k, l, m, n, n , ɳ, p, r, s, t, h, ch, and the double and triple consonants are not possible in the anlaut and auslaut while any consonant and vowel can come in the anlaut except “r.” Different researchers have different opinions about the part of speech in Nanai language. However it can be divided into three groups: content word, auxiliary word, and interjection, and nine sub parts according to the function and meaning. Nanai language has both short and long sentences, but the short sentences have been developed prominently, and long sentences are used very rarely. The word order in Nanai language is S-O-V, which is a characteristic of Tungusic control.