Abstract
The paper presents theoretical and experimental analysis of deformations and microstructural evolutions in the hot cogging process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A three–dimensional thermal – plastic coupled finite element model is employed to study the mechanical and thermal interaction between the forging anvils and the workpiece. To explore the distributions of effective strain, effective stress, mean stress and temperature of the specimens have been systematically studied. Attention has been paid to deformation, temperature, stress and strain inside the specimens and these parameters have been used to determine the evolution of the microstructure in deformed samples during hot cogging process. A comparison of theoretical with experimental results shows that the developed model may be used to accurately predict deformations and microstructural parameters.
Highlights
Titanium alloys are well known for industrial applications such as aerospace, automotive, marine and biomedical
A finite element method-based model has been developed within the present work, which enables the prediction of the distribution of deformation parameters and microstructure evolution during the cogging process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in three types of forging anvils
Where εc is the critical strain at which dynamic recrystallization initiates, T the absolute temperature, XDRX the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization, the effective strain, the effective strain rate, ε0.5 the strain for 50% recrystallization, R the gas constant, d0 the initial grain size, dDRX the dynamically recrystallized grain size, a2-3 the material data, h1, n1-3, m1-3the material data, Q1-3 the activation energies obtained from experiment, βd the material data; kd the material data, dAVG is the average grain size
Summary
Titanium alloys are well known for industrial applications such as aerospace, automotive, marine and biomedical. The microstructure of titanium alloys is very sensitive to the processing parameters such as forging temperature, strain and strain rate. Microstructure evolution in the hot cogging process has an influence on the mechanical properties of material because the flow. The determination of temperature distribution within the deformation zone during the titanium alloy forging process is important because of the effect of temperature on the properties and structure of the material being deformed [6]. A finite element method-based model has been developed within the present work, which enables the prediction of the distribution of deformation parameters (strain, stress, temperature) and microstructure evolution during the cogging process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in three types of forging anvils. The results of the experiment are compared quantitatively and qualitatively with those of simulation
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