Abstract
Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are becoming a widespread solution for wireless deployments in many applications, such as smart cities or Industry 4.0. However, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as energy consumption and robustness. To characterize and optimize these types of networks, the authors have developed an optimized use of the adaptative data rate (ADR) mechanism for uplink, proposed its use also for downlink based on the simulator ns-3, and then defined an industrial scenario to test and validate the proposed solution in terms of packet loss and energy.
Highlights
Any everyday object today has the ability to interact with other objects without human intervention if they are connected to a network
The correct behavior of the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) mechanism implemented was tested by checking the Firstly, the correct behavior of the ADR mechanism implemented was tested by checking the changes in spreading factors (SFs) according to SNR, end devices (EDs) positions, and time
Fixing an upload periodicity of one packet every 1800 s, the ADR mechanism was configured with different counter limits to perform the every
Summary
Any everyday object today has the ability to interact with other objects without human intervention if they are connected to a network This interconnection between machines is known as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and has evolved over the years to create the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), as a greater variety of objects have enabled communication features and can exchange data through the internet. Cybernetic systems, the use of the Internet, and these types of networks are currently allowing an evolution in industry, giving way to Industry 4.0, which seeks the transformation towards an intelligent organization in order to achieve optimized results Based on this definition, the “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT) concept has emerged, using IoT-based technologies with the aim of improving industrial processes. LPWAN technologies make use of end devices, gateways, network servers, and application servers to enable the exchange of data in the range of kilometers at a very low energy cost
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