Analysis of acceptability, microstructure, and resistant starch content of biscuits substitution of jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) with starch modification of Annealing-HMT

Abstract

Biscuits as a ready-to-eat product with an average consumption growth per capita per year are always increasing, becoming a food product that is often explored for raw materials (especially with local ingredients) to replace the dependence on domestic wheat flour. One of the local ingredients that is rarely used as a food product is the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) with a high carbohydrate content of 50%–60%. It is suitable for processing into starch as a substitute for food products such as biscuits. The native jack bean starch needs to be modified by physical modification methods, namely, Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and annealing-HMT to improve its characteristics, which are less stable to mechanical and heat processes and to increase the levels of resistant starch. This research aimed to look for resistant starch content, microstructure, and the acceptability of jack bean biscuits with physical modification annealing-HMT. The experimental design was used a one-factor completely randomized design with variations of modified starch substitution in the biscuit formula that control sample made of 100% wheat flour: samples made of 50% and 100% for each native starch, HMT modified starch, and annealing-HMT modified starch. Based on the results, it was found that the substitution of wheat flour with annealing-HMT starch in the biscuit sample affected the microstructure of the resulting granules and the levels of resistant starch with the best sample using Annealing-HMT starch substitution (100%). Meanwhile, the results of the sensory test showed that the substitution of wheat flour with Annealing-HMT starch was significantly different in the color, texture, and overall parameters. The determination of the best formula in the sensory test was carried out by the Bayes method with the best formula results being samples with HMT modified starch substitution (100%).