Abstract
We constructed a similarity model (based on Euclidean distance between rainfall and runoff) to study time-correlated characteristics of rainfall-runoff similar patterns in the upstream Red River Basin and presented a detailed evaluation of the time correlation of rainfall-runoff similarity. The rainfall-runoff similarity was used to determine the optimum similarity. The results showed that a time-correlated model was found to be capable of predicting the rainfall-runoff similarity in the upstream Red River Basin in a satisfactory way. Both noised and denoised time series by thresholding the wavelet coefficients were applied to verify the accuracy of model. And the corresponding optimum similar sets obtained as the equation solution conditions showed an interesting and stable trend. On the whole, the annual mean similarity presented a gradually rising trend, for quantitatively estimating comprehensive influence of climate change and of human activities on rainfall-runoff similarity.
Highlights
Understanding the relationships between rainfall and runoff was vital for effective management and utilization of scarce water resources
Under the influences of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment conditions of the upstream Red River Basin deteriorated further, which directly affected the status of water resources of the middle and lower reaches of the Red River Basin
A simple similarity model was established to calculate the minimum value of Euclidean distance between rainfall and runoff
Summary
Understanding the relationships between rainfall and runoff was vital for effective management and utilization of scarce water resources. It was important in Yunnan where water shortage and drought prevailed in three consecutive years. Under the influences of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment conditions of the upstream Red River Basin deteriorated further, which directly affected the status of water resources of the middle and lower reaches of the Red River Basin. Rainfall and runoff was correlated and consistent This correlation often displayed a large fluctuation, and the joint effect of climate change and human activities on ecological environment was responsible for the rainfall-runoff relation in the upstream
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