Abstract
The present work proposes an approach for fluid–solid and contact interaction problems including thermo-mechanical coupling and reversible phase transitions. The solid field is assumed to consist of several arbitrarily-shaped, undeformable but mobile rigid bodies, that are evolved in time individually and allowed to get into mechanical contact with each other. The fluid field generally consists of multiple liquid or gas phases. All fields are spatially discretized using the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). This approach is especially suitable in the context of continually changing interface topologies and dynamic phase transitions without the need for additional methodological and computational effort for interface tracking as compared to mesh- or grid-based methods. Proposing a concept for the parallelization of the computational framework, in particular concerning a computationally efficient evaluation of rigid body motion, is an essential part of this work. Finally, the accuracy and robustness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by several numerical examples in two and three dimensions, involving multiple rigid bodies, two-phase flow, and reversible phase transitions, with a focus on two potential application scenarios in the fields of engineering and biomechanics: powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) and disintegration of food boluses in the human stomach. The efficiency of the parallel computational framework is demonstrated by a strong scaling analysis.
Highlights
In many applications in science and engineering, like for example in some areas of biomechanics, fluid–solid and contact interaction problems characterized by a large number of solid bodies immersed in a fluid flow and undergoing reversible phase transitions, are of great interest
The accuracy and robustness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by several numerical examples in two and three dimensions, involving multiple rigid bodies, two-phase flow, and reversible phase transitions, with a focus on two potential application scenarios in the fields of engineering and biomechanics: powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) and disintegration of food boluses in the human stomach
Most current mesh- or grid-based methods, e.g., the finite element method (FEM), the finite difference method (FDM), or the finite volume method (FVM), require substantial methodological and computational efforts to model the motion of rigid bodies in fluid flow
Summary
In many applications in science and engineering, like for example in some areas of biomechanics, fluid–solid and contact interaction problems characterized by a large number of solid bodies immersed in a fluid flow and undergoing reversible phase transitions, are of great interest. SPH as a mesh-free discretization scheme is, due to its Lagrangian nature, very well suited for flow problems involving multiple phases, dynamic and reversible phase transitions, and complex interface topologies This makes SPH very appropriate for a wide range of applications in engineering, e.g., in metal additive manufacturing melt pool modeling [15,16], or in biomechanics, e.g., for modeling the digestion of food in the human stomach [17]. For the former application, an SPH formulation for thermo-capillary phase transition problems involving solid, liquid, and gaseous phases has recently been proposed [18], amongst others, focusing on evaporation-induced recoil pressure forces, temperature-dependent surface tension and wetting forces, Gaussian laser beam heat sources, and evaporation-induced heat losses. For simplicity, this and other current state-of-the-art approaches, e.g., [19,20] are restricted to immobile powder grains
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