Abstract
Recent advances in the study of optimal integration of quadrilateral plate bending elements based on Mindlin's plate theory points to a four-noded quadrilateral plate bending element which can be based on thin-plate theory. This isoparametric element uses independent bi-linear interpolations for the transverse displacement W and face rotations θ x and θ y . An optimal set of Kirchhoff constraints are enforced at the centre of the element by a penalty function type formulation. The choice of the number of constraints and the effect of grid-orientation and grid-distortion with regard to this is studied in detail.
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