Abstract
• In situ powder neutron diffraction to study precipitate formation in ODS steel. • First real time observation of nano-precipitate formation during processing. • Y 2 O 3 particles were fully dissolved into steel matrix during mechanical alloy. • The precipitation occurred during annealing of as-milled powder above 900 °C. The evolution of phases in a Fe–14Cr–10Y 2 O 3 (wt%) oxide-dispersion-strengthened ferritic steel during mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent annealing was studied by high resolution powder neutron diffraction, with emphasis on the kinetics of oxide-based nano-precipitate formation. Y 2 O 3 particles were completely dissolved into the ferritic matrix during MA. The formation of nano-precipitates was then observed by in situ thermo-diffraction experiments during annealing of as-milled powder above 900 °C, supported by scanning electron microscopy. This revealed nano-precipitate coarsening with increasing annealing temperature. Powder microhardness was measured at various processing stages, and hardness changes are discussed in terms of the measured phase fractions, crystallite size and lattice strain at different temperatures and times.
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