Abstract
The fifth generation mobile network introduces dramatic improvements with respect to the previous technologies. Features such as variable numerology, bandwidth parts, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) will extend the capabilities of the 5G wireless systems and, at the same time, will influence the measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with general public electromagnetic field exposure limits. In this study, a heterogeneous set of 5G signals is investigated with the aim of establishing an effective measurement technique suitable for the new technology. Following an experimental approach based on both modulation and zero span analysis, some important characteristics of the 5G system are highlighted and extensively discussed, and experimental procedures for estimating factors associated to TDD (F T D C factor) and beam sweeping (R factor), to be used in the extrapolation formulas, are presented. The results of this study represent a starting point for future investigations on effective methods to estimate both the instant maximum power and the total power transmitted during a 5G radio frame.
Highlights
The fifth generation (5G) technology’s radio interface, known as New Radio (NR) [1,2] will address a variety of usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications
Output (MIMO) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) [3,4] will allow for an efficient and optimized use of transmission power and radio resource, favoring the implementation of use cases that have very different service requirements. These new features will influence the measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits
This description is by far not complete, and it is focused only on the aspects that are relevant for the topic of this paper, that is limited to field measurement for exposure limit evaluation
Summary
Output (MIMO) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) [3,4] will allow for an efficient and optimized use of transmission power and radio resource, favoring the implementation of use cases that have very different service requirements These new features will influence the measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits. In the following a brief overview of how the time resource and the space resource of the communication channel is used by 5G systems is described This description is by far not complete, and it is focused only on the aspects that are relevant for the topic of this paper, that is limited to field measurement for exposure limit evaluation. For more details on 5G technology the interested reader can refer to the specific literature, e.g., [9,10]
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