Abstract
The recent proliferation of private tourist accommodations on what has been known as sharing economy has induced new models on urban tourism and on the use of traditional housing. Urban tourism pressure has caused many transformation processes with important impacts in neighborhoods with high tourist interest, which are shown in the evolution of certain urban sustainability indicators, such as those proposed by the UN-Habitat Agenda for Sustainable Cities in line with the principles of the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities. Due to the above, the objective of this work is to analyze the spatial distribution of Airbnb accommodations, and explore the factors associated with the situation of Airbnb rentals in relation to the indicators of urban sustainability of neighborhoods and variables related to the gentrification processes of neighborhoods in which there is crowding or overtourism, measured through the Global Tourist Stress Index. For this, a first-order spatial autoregressive panel (SAR) data model with fixed effects has been specified, the results of which provide us with information to understand how sustainability indicators in the neighborhoods of the city of Madrid in the time period 2015–2018, they would explain the location and number of Airbnb accommodations found there. Additionally, it allows us to observe the existence of a spillover effect from the central neighborhoods, with a high per capita income, to nearby neighborhoods with lower income due to the level of tourist crowding, which is a contribution to the scarce existing literature.
Highlights
The growth of large-scale tourism has led to the emergence of new forms of shared accommodation based on the collaborative economy model
The growth in tourism over recent decades has been accompanied by the concentration of tourism flow towards specific areas, causing overcrowding and problems with carrying capacity and environmental sustainability of main tourism cities in the world
Overtourism in turn has contributed to what is known as touristification, which is the term that refers to the impact that tourist overcrowding has on the commercial and social fabric of certain neighborhoods in the world’s major tourism cities
Summary
The growth of large-scale tourism has led to the emergence of new forms of shared accommodation based on the collaborative economy model. The platform is present in more than 30,000 cities and 190 countries around the world [5]. The rise of this new type of tourist accommodation has led to the need to specify and estimate models to determine the factors that explain the location of these tourist apartments. The main motivation that led to carrying out this research work is the need to know the effects of the tourist apartment boom on the urban sustainability of the neighborhoods of the large tourist cities, the city of Madrid, and the relationship that Airbnb has with the problem of gentrification in the parts of the city where this platform has a greater presence.
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