An analytical study of the climatic elements in Bazian region - Sulaymaniyah for the period from 1985 - 2022 and its impact on the planting dates of some crops

Abstract

During a field study in Bazian Plain which is one of the most important agricultural areas in Sulaymaniyah it became clear that current scenario is linked to rapid climate change directly. Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are likely to be particularly affected by changes in wind speed and vapour pressure regimes, changes in those regimes may show from climate data that vapour pressure has clearly increased during these years. For instance, in January and February of 2017 wind speed reached 8 and 9 (m. sec.-1). Sulaymaniyah Meteorology Department reported a lesser speed of 0.1 (m. sec.-1) in the months 4, 5, 6 and 9, on average the greatest rates of 3.1 and 2.2 (m. sec.-1) in 1985 and 1992. on the other hand, in 1991 recorded the lowest rate of (1 m. sec.-1) amounts and times of precipitation during the study years, floods occurred in some seasons the dry seasons less than 300 (ml) were very few, while the remaining seasons were more than 450 (ml) rainfall amounts in the seasons 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 were among the driest seasons during the years of the study Which was straight (66000, 87000, 86000) dunam. as the agricultural areas were reduced to their lowest levels, although the levels of precipitation were acceptable. The data gathered found that the average annual temperature rate has increased by over 1.3(°C) with the warmest year for this time being recorded in 2010 at 21.55(°C). Sunshine was the lowest in terms of the number of daylight hours in December with total annual averages for the period 1985-2022 for December being 184.4 (hours) 1996 was the lowest with 2.3 (hr.) and 2018 was also the second lowest with a value of 3.3 (hr.) During the decades of the study period, wheat growing seasons advanced mostly to November, and in recent decades (2011-2020) (2010-2009) 20 farmers plant in December to ensure rainfall.