Abstract
Amnesia refers to difficulty in acquiring new declarative (conscious) knowledge and in remembering the recent past. This condition results from bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe or diencephalic midline. Memory impairment can occur as a well-circumscribed disorder against a background of otherwise intact intellectual and cognitive functions. Older memories that have undergone a process of consolidation and reorganization are usually intact in amnesic patients and are stored in the neocortex independently of the medial temporal lobe. Amnesic patients retain the ability to learn nondeclaratively (unconsciously), as in the case of habits and skills, in which memory is expressed through performance rather than recollection.
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