Abstract
Achievements in regenerative medicine have demonstrated that using different kinds of stem cells can have some stimulating effect on the reparative regeneration processes of the nervous system. To stimulate nerve regeneration, the experimental elaboration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is carried out actively. There is evidence that MSCs promote growth of the recipient regenerating axons after transplantation into the damaged nerve or the conduit. However, processes that happen in transplanted cells and these cells’ differentiation are poorly studied. The aim of the present study is to describe the localization and morphologically peculiar properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after their allotransplantation into the injured nerve of a rat. MSCs from Wistar—Kyoto rats were cultivated for seven days and labeled with BrdU three days before using. The sciatic nerves of adult Wistar—Kyoto rats were damaged, and suspensions of BrdU-labeled cultured MSCs were immediately transplanted into the damaged sciatic nerves. Five to seven days after transplantation, the surviving MSCs were found. Using fluorescent microscopy, we found that some of the transplanted cells were localized in the epineurium and in the perineurium. Some of the transplanted MSCs differentiated into adipocytes and cells of the perineurium.
Highlights
Modern regenerative medicine has demonstrated that transplantation of different kinds of stem cells can have a stimulating effect on the processes of reparative regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (Southwell et al, 2014; Li, Hu, and Cheng, 2015; Sokolova and Polyntsev, 2017)
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are widely used in regenerative medicine in recent years, were used in this work
It has been shown that MSCs are able to produce growth and trophic factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), NGF and extracellular matrix proteins (Chen et al, 2007; Brochlin et al, 2009)
Summary
Modern regenerative medicine has demonstrated that transplantation of different kinds of stem cells can have a stimulating effect on the processes of reparative regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (Southwell et al, 2014; Li, Hu, and Cheng, 2015; Sokolova and Polyntsev, 2017). Experimental elaboration of different cellular technologies to stimulate regeneration of damaged nerves is being carried out intensively. There is evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord stroma, amniotic fluid and other tissues, promote growth of the recipient regenerating axons after transplantation into a damaged nerve or into a conduit (Dezawa et al, 2001; Kingham et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2007; Wong et al, 2011; Masgutov et al, 2018).
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