Algorithm and VLSI Design for 1-Bit Data Detection in Massive MIMO-OFDM

Abstract

The use of low-resolution data converters in the radio-frequency (RF) chains of all-digital massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) basestations promises significant reductions in power consumption, hardware costs, and interconnect bandwidth. We propose a quantization-aware data-detection algorithm which mitigates the performance loss of 1-bit quantized massive MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Since the system performance heavily depends on the quality of channel estimates, we also develop a nonlinear 1-bit channel estimation algorithm that builds upon the proposed data detection algorithm. We show that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform linear data detectors and channel estimators in terms of bit error rate. For the proposed nonlinear data detection algorithm, we develop a very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture and present implementation results on a Xilinx Virtex-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA). Our implementation results are, to the best of our knowledge, the first for 1-bit massive MU-MIMO-OFDM systems and demonstrate comparable hardware efficiency with respect to state-of-the-art linear data detectors designed for systems with high-resolution data converters, while achieving lower bit error rate.