Abstract
The ultimate problem of organic paddy farm is limited access formal credit due to collateral requirement. Farmers only have access to semi-formal institution like cooperatives and group of farmers (Gapoktan.red) because of simplicity of administration procedure and payment system. The objectives of this study are to analized accessibility of micro-credit to organic paddy farmers in Bogor and its impact to production of organic paddy. With Heckman Sample Selection Model, we found that access of credit influenced negatively by age of farmers, number of household member, membership of farm group, and the acreage of land use. Microcredit give significant impact to production of organic paddy and it is simultaneous with fertilizer and labor. Microcredit that they have taken used to pay labor and also bought the fertilizer. Keywords : access of microcredit, impact of microcredit, production of organic paddy
Highlights
The ultimate problem of organic paddy farm is limited access formal credit due to collateral requirement
With Heckman Sample Selection Model, we found that access of credit influenced negatively by age of farmers, number of household member, membership of farm group, and the acreage of land use
Variable ObsStd. Dev. Lampiran 2 Hasil Pengolahan model Seleksi Heckman 2 tahap untuk akses dan dampak kredit mikro terhadap produksi padi organik dengan menggunakan program STATA 13.0 heckman LogPGKP LogJBNH LogPORG LogPKIM LogJHKP LogKREDIT, twostep select(AKSES = LogUSIA LogJAKL LogPDKN LogPGLM LogAGTKL Iteration 1: log likelihood = -32.413424 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -31.57179
Summary
Pembangunan sektor pertanian diarahkan pada pembangunan berkelanjutan dimana petani harus mengubah pola pikir tentang pentingnya menjaga kesuburan lahan pertaniannya. Kabupaten Bogor, secara regional berada di Provinsi Jawa Barat, masih menjadikan pertanian sebagai sektor unggulan walaupun pangsa terhadap PDRB hanya [12,6] persen (BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat 2013). Akses petani terhadap lembaga keuangan formal masih rendah. Petani menghadapi kendala teknis terkait collateral dan proses administrasi yang rumit dan memakan biaya, sehingga petani mencari alternatif sumber pembiayaan pada lembaga keuangan non-formal (Nizar 2004; Paloma 2013; Azriani 2014). Di Kabupaten Bogor distribusi kredit dari lembaga formal untuk petani masih sangat kecil, yakni hanya [6,2] persen saja dari total kredit yang disalurkan (Tabel 2). Yaitu kecil dan mikro, sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Bogor sebagian besar berada pada jenis ini. Pada tahun 2012, usaha kecil dan mikro masing-masing hanya memperoleh kredit [27,84] persen dan 14,05 persen dari total kredit yang disalurkan. Tabel 2 Perkembangan Posisi Kredit Bank Umum di Indonesia dan Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2010 – 2012
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