Aircraft Carrier Balancing in Northeast Asia and South Korean Carrier Program: Power, Threat, and Function

Abstract

Major powers in Northeast Asia are all enthusiastic about an aircraft carrier, triggering a domino effect. Under what logic have Northeast Asian states sought carrier programs? This paper explains that all of the major states in the region― China, Japan, and South Korea―attempt to acquire and strengthen carriers but their intentions and strategic goals vary from country to country. Chinese carrier capability is explained by the logic of balance of power, whereas Japanese carrier ambition is in line with the logic of balance of threat. Meanwhile, the South Korean carrier program can be explained by the balance of function. Reluctant to be over-armed and under-armed, Seoul seeks functional balancing against carrier strike capabilities of neighboring states. An aircraft carrier is equipped with unique functions, which are rarely replaced with other means. The show-of-force operations at sea are not effectively attainable without an aircraft carrier capability. With the mindset of minimalist deterrence at sea, Seoul intends to functionally match the other side’s operational component by seeking a light carrier, contributing to achieving dual aims of guaranteeing national security as well as preserving maritime interests.