Abstract
ABSTRACT Historically barley has been a very important crop in agriculture system of Turkey as it is now. Barley breeding and collecting activities started at the beginning of 20 th century in Turkey. During that time huge amount of material piled up at the seed banks and collections of plant breeding institutions through collecting missions and material exchange. We characterized around 3.500 barley accessions of Eskisehir Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute. Characterized populations have been obtained from 44 countries (Asia 14, Europe 19, Americas 6, Africa 4 and Australia) of 5 continents and two international agricultural research institutes since 1950’s up to date. We are presenting only the result of 2.517 two row barley accessions with this paper. Results of the study reveal a series of phenotypic similarities and differences between the materials of several countries. Results also show the existence of a significant amount of diversity between the populations which can be used as a source for breeding programs.
Highlights
Barley is the second major cereal crops after wheat for Turkey in terms of the area sown and production
Davis et al (1985) report that following 8 species of genus Hordeum are native to Turkey: H. bulbosum L., H. violaceuom Boiss. & Huet, H. distichon L., H. vulgare L., H. spontaneum C
Cluster analysis based on Euclidian distance was performed to assess the similarities between the barley materials of different origin
Summary
Barley is the second major cereal crops after wheat for Turkey in terms of the area sown and production. It occupies 2,720,510 ha (2013) of cultivation area which is 7.08% of all arable lands. Vavilov (1951) hypothesized that center of origin of cultivated plants are the areas where greatest diversity of their wild relatives arises. This theory was confirmed by many other scientists (Gökgöl 1939; Zhukovsky 1951; Harlan 1995). Aims of this study were: (i) to assess the phenotypic diversity in a world population based on agro-morphological traits, (ii) to examine phenotypic similarities between the materials of different origin, (iii) to explore variation sources for future use in barley breeding programs and characterized material for the gene bank
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