Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
Highlights
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the type species of genus Aggregatibacter, which is part of bacterial family Pasteurellaceae. [Bacterium actinomycetem comitans] was cultured from actinomycotic lesions of humans in the early 20th century
The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive update on the characterisation, classification and clinical significance of A. actinomycetemcomitans with a particular focus on selected clinical entities
A. actinomycetemcomitans was originally co-isolated with Actinomyces from lesions [1], and the association with Actinomyces has been confirmed by case reports of infections in a actinomycotic lesions [1], and the association with Actinomyces has been confirmed by case reports of variety of anatomical localizations
Summary
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the type species of genus Aggregatibacter, which is part of bacterial family Pasteurellaceae. [Bacterium actinomycetem comitans] was cultured from actinomycotic lesions of humans in the early 20th century. A new bacterial genus, Aggregatibacter is created with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans being the type species. Rather than being the causative agent of aggressive periodontitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans may be necessary for the action of a consortium of bacterial partners by suppressing host defences [19] It may be classified as a low abundance oral pathobiont, defined as a member of the microbiota that exerts specific effects on the host’s mucosal immune system associated with the development of disease [20]. Severe periodontitis and infective endocarditis are two prominent diseases of very different prevalence, symptoms, and outcome They may share a causative microorganism, a number of conditions is still unknown, and host factors, oral hygiene, and incidental circumstances may be instrumental. Strains belonging to the so-called clade e’ St(d)-(g).InIncontrast contrasttotolineage lineageI, I,many manystrains strainsofof different serotypes from this lineage are competent for natural transformation, and the average size of genomes is approximately lineage are competent for natural transformation, and the average size of genomes is approximately
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