Affine vs. Euclidean isoperimetric inequalities

About a decade ago Lutwak, Yang, and Zhang introduced the notion of $L_p$-projection body. More recently, Wang and Leng established an $L_p$-version of Petty's affine projection inequality. At the same time Ludwig discovered a family of general $L_p$-projection bodies and Haberl and Schuster established Petty's projection inequality for general $L_p$-projection bodies. In this paper we establish a general $L_p$-version of Petty's affine projection inequality for general $L_p$-projection bodies. Moreover, we obtain an analogous inequality for $L_p$-geominimal surface area.

This paper presents the proof of several inequalities by using the technique introduced by Alexandroff, Bakelman, and Pucci to establish their ABP estimate. First, the author gives a new and simple proof of a lower bound of Berestycki, Nirenberg, and Varadhan concerning the principal eigenvalue of an elliptic operator with bounded measurable coefficients. The rest of the paper is a survey on the proofs of several isoperimetric and Sobolev inequalities using the ABP technique. This includes new proofs of the classical isoperimetric inequality, the Wulff isoperimetric inequality, and the Lions-Pacella isoperimetric inequality in convex cones. For this last inequality, the new proof was recently found by the author, Xavier Ros-Oton, and Joaquim Serra in a work where new Sobolev inequalities with weights came up by studying an open question raised by Haim Brezis.

Schneider introduced an inter-dimensional difference body operator on convex bodies, and proved an associated inequality. In the prequel to this work, we showed that this concept can be extended to a rich class of operators from convex geometry and proved the associated isoperimetric inequalities. The role of cosine-like operators, which generate convex bodies in Rn from those in Rn, were replaced by inter-dimensional simplicial operators, which generate convex bodies in Rnm from those in Rn (or vice versa). In this work, we treat the Lp extensions of these operators, and, furthermore, extend the role of the simplex to arbitrary m-dimensional convex bodies containing the origin. We establish mth-order Lp isoperimetric inequalities, including the mth-order versions of the Lp Petty projection inequality, Lp Busemann-Petty centroid inequality, Lp Santaló inequalities, and Lp affine Sobolev inequalities. As an application, we obtain isoperimetric inequalities for the volume of the operator norm of linear functionals (Rn,‖⋅‖E)→(Rm,‖⋅‖F).

By using optimal mass transport theory we prove a sharp isoperimetric inequality in $${\textsf {CD}} (0,N)$$ metric measure spaces assuming an asymptotic volume growth at infinity. Our result extends recently proven isoperimetric inequalities for normed spaces and Riemannian manifolds to a nonsmooth framework. In the case of n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature, we outline an alternative proof of the rigidity result of Brendle (Comm Pure Appl Math 2021:13717, 2021). As applications of the isoperimetric inequality, we establish Sobolev and Rayleigh-Faber-Krahn inequalities with explicit sharp constants in Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature; here we use appropriate symmetrization techniques and optimal volume non-collapsing properties. The equality cases in the latter inequalities are also characterized by stating that sufficiently smooth, nonzero extremal functions exist if and only if the Riemannian manifold is isometric to the Euclidean space.

The sharp Sobolev and isoperimetric inequalities split twice

Sobolev and isoperimetric inequalities with monomial weights

It is shown that the minimum value for c is $4/3 \sqrt 3 \pi ^2 \cong .0780$ for $\phi $ of function class $C^0 $ piecewise $C^2 $ in real Euclidean 3-space.

We study a class of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities with a general form of the energy functional. The class generalizes various examples of modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities considered previously in the literature. Refining a method of Aida and Stroock for the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality, we prove that if a measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies a modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality then it satisfies a family of $L^p$-Sobolev-type inequalities with non-Euclidean norms of gradients (and dimension-independent constants). The latter are shown to yield various concentration-type estimates for deviations of smooth (not necessarily Lipschitz) functions and measures of enlargements of sets corresponding to non-Euclidean norms. We also prove a two-level concentration result for functions of bounded Hessian and measures satisfying the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality.

Higher-order Sobolev embeddings and isoperimetric inequalities

By using inequalities obtained for the volume of mixed bodies and the Petty Projection Inequality, (sharp) isoperimetric inequalities are derived for the projection measures (Quermassintegrale) of a convex body, These projection measure inequalities, which involve mixed projection bodies (zonoids), are shown to be strengthened versions of the classical inequalities between the projection measures of a convex body, The inequality obtained for the volume of mixed bodies is also used to derive a form of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality involving mixed bodies, As an application, inequalities are given between the projection measures of convex bodies and the mixed projection integrals of the bodies.

By using inequalities obtained for the volume of mixed bodies and the Petty Projection Inequality, (sharp) isoperimetric inequalities are derived for the projection measures (Quermassintegrale) of a convex body. These projection measure inequalities, which involve mixed projection bodies (zonoids), are shown to be strengthened versions of the classical inequalities between the projection measures of a convex body. The inequality obtained for the volume of mixed bodies is also used to derive a form of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality involving mixed bodies. As an application, inequalities are given between the projection measures of convex bodies and the mixed projection integrals of the bodies.

We establish, by simple semigroup arguments, a Levy–Gromov isoperimetric inequality for the invariant measure of an infinite dimensional diffusion generator of positive curvature with isoperimetric model the Gaussian measure. This produces in particular a new proof of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. This isoperimetric inequality strengthens the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality in this context. A local version for the heat kernel measures is also proved, which may then be extended into an isoperimetric inequality for the Wiener measure on the paths of a Riemannian manifold with bounded Ricci curvature.

Let ( M , g ) (M,g) be a complete two dimensional simply connected Riemannian manifold with Gaussian curvature K ≤ − 1 K\le -1 . If f f is a compactly supported function of bounded variation on M M , then f f satisfies the Sobolev inequality \[ 4 π ∫ M f 2 d A + ( ∫ M | f | d A ) 2 ≤ ( ∫ M ‖ ∇ f ‖ d A ) 2 . 4\pi \int _M f^2\,dA+ \left (\int _M |f|\,dA \right )^2\le \left (\int _M\|\nabla f\|\,dA \right )^2. \] Conversely, letting f f be the characteristic function of a domain D ⊂ M D\subset M recovers the sharp form 4 π A ( D ) + A ( D ) 2 ≤ L ( ∂ D ) 2 4\pi A(D)+A(D)^2\le L(\partial D)^2 of the isoperimetric inequality for simply connected surfaces with K ≤ − 1 K\le -1 . Therefore this is the Sobolev inequality “equivalent” to the isoperimetric inequality for this class of surfaces. This is a special case of a result that gives the equivalence of more general isoperimetric inequalities and Sobolev inequalities on surfaces. Under the same assumptions on ( M , g ) (M,g) , if c : [ a , b ] → M c\colon [a,b]\to M is a closed curve and w c ( x ) w_c(x) is the winding number of c c about x x , then the Sobolev inequality implies \[ 4 π ∫ M w c 2 d A + ( ∫ M | w c | d A ) 2 ≤ L ( c ) 2 , 4\pi \int _M w_c^2\,dA+ \left (\int _M|w_c|\,dA \right )^2\le L(c)^2, \] which is an extension of the Banchoff-Pohl inequality to simply connected surfaces with curvature ≤ − 1 \le -1 .

We establish the equivalence of some affine isoperimetric inequalities which include the -Petty projection inequality, the -Busemann-Petty centroid inequality, the "dual" -Petty projection inequality, and the "dual" -Busemann-Petty inequality. We also establish the equivalence of an affine isoperimetric inequality and its inclusion version for -John ellipsoids.

Analytic inequalities, isoperimetric inequalities and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities