Aerobic Brain Metabolism, Body Temperature, Oxygen, Fetal Oxygen Supply and Fetal Movement Dynamics as Factors in Stillbirth and Neonatal Encephalopathy: Invention Review

Abstract

Introduction: To date, there is no systematic review dedicated to the study of inventions that have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, but are devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, modeling and treatment of fetal intrauterine hypoxia. Hypoxic damage to fetal brain cells still remains an unsolved problem of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: 27 inventions were found from the beginning of the 21st century to 26.08.2023 in databases such as EAPATIS, BYPATENTS, DWPI, DEPATISnet, PATENTSCOPE, Espacenet, RUPTO, USPTO, CIPO, CNIPA, KIPRIS, PatSearch, J-PlatPat, Google Patents and TPO. Due to the small number of inventions, methodological heterogeneity, and differences in the content of their claims, a quantitative meta-analysis could not be performed. Results: Prospects for innovative obstetric care proposals aimed at improving fetal viability in hypoxia during pregnancy and delivery were analyzed. Results of the included studies were presented only qualitatively (descriptively). Conclusion: Fetal resistance to impending labor hypoxia has not been previously investigated, so values of low fetal resistance to intrauterine hypoxia are still not among the indications for the use of excess oxygen and the choice of Cesarean section to exclude stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy. The first systematic review of published inventions shows innovative ways of assessing fetal adaptive reserves to hypoxia, oxygen and apnea administration, and selecting the optimal timing and type of delivery to prevent stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy.