Abstract
In the progression of malignancies, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in modulating tumor immunology within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is often characterized by the extensive infiltration of immune cells. These cells are abnormally activated and demonstrate strong immunosuppressive properties under pathological conditions such as cancer. Recent research highlights the importance of tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) as key mediators of this immunosuppressive activity. TEXs, small extracellular vesicles released by tumor cells, carry a diverse array of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA, which modulate the behavior of recipient cells within the TME. The assembly and release of TEXs are tightly regulated by the TME, and accumulating evidence suggests that TEXs facilitate MDSC activation, expansion, and enhancement of their immunosuppressive functions. This study aims to investigate the role of TEXs in mediating intercellular communication between tumor cells and MDSCs. By understanding these mechanisms, it is possible to develop strategies to regulate MDSC behavior, including promoting their differentiation into mature myeloid cells, reducing their expansion and accumulation, and impairing their suppressive activity. Ultimately, these insights will provide a foundation for targeting MDSCs as a therapeutic approach to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, offering promising directions for future clinical applications.
Published Version
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