Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with humans. It participates in some important physiological activities in the human body and has an important impact on human health. It has become a hot topic of research by scientists in recent years. Among them, the research on the correlation between intestinal microbiota and cancer has increased rapidly. At present, the incidence rate of breast cancer is increasing, which seriously endangers the health of women. More and more studies have found that the occurrence of breast cancer is related to intestinal microbiota, and its possible mechanism includes intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, estrogen metabolism changes, immune regulation, and the participation of intestinal microbiota metabolites, etc. With the further development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the research on the correlation between intestinal microbiota and breast cancer has become more in-depth, from a structural level confined to microorganisms to a more comprehensive system structure and function level. These research results provide a new research direction for the treatment of breast cancer. In order to further study the interaction between intestinal microbes and breast cancer, this article will comprehensively describe the intestinal microbiota and breast cancer from four aspects: intestinal microbial dysbiosis, altered estrogen metabolism, immune regulation, and intestinal microbial metabolites. It also reviews the application research of intestinal microbiota in breast cancer treatment, including the influence of intestinal microbiota on the effects of breast cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy, probiotic therapy, and dietotherapy.
Highlights
The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse community of microorganisms designated to inhabit the human intestinal tract, consisting mainly of more than a thousand species of bacteria, and fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa [1]
In order to further study the interaction between intestinal microbes and breast cancer, this article will comprehensively describe the intestinal microbiota and breast cancer from four aspects: intestinal microbial dysbiosis, altered estrogen metabolism, immune regulation, and intestinal microbial metabolites
Numerous studies in the past decade have shown how the gut microbiota influences the development of specific cancers in various organs, including breast cancer, through a series of complex mechanisms; human intestinal microbiota as a risk factor for breast cancer has received extensive attention in recent years, and more and more studies have reported the mechanism of interaction between gut microbiota and breast cancer, and research on the application of intestinal microbiota in the treatment of breast cancer has been increasing
Summary
The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse community of microorganisms designated to inhabit the human intestinal tract, consisting mainly of more than a thousand species of bacteria, and fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa [1]. The gut microbiota prevents pathogenic microorganisms from attacking the body and is important in host metabolism, immunity and hormone regulation [3] [4], promoting health and contributing to the development of disease under certain conditions. Numerous studies in the past decade have shown how the gut microbiota influences the development of specific cancers in various organs, including breast cancer, through a series of complex mechanisms; human intestinal microbiota as a risk factor for breast cancer has received extensive attention in recent years, and more and more studies have reported the mechanism of interaction between gut microbiota and breast cancer, and research on the application of intestinal microbiota in the treatment of breast cancer has been increasing. We discuss the latest findings on the relationship between gut microbiota and breast cancer, including the association between the structural changes or disorders of intestinal flora and the development and prognosis of breast cancer, the mechanism by which gut microbiota acts on breast cancer through regulating immune response and influencing estrogen metabolism, and the association between gut microbial metabolites and breast cancer, in order to reveal the mechanism of breast cancer development in breast cancer patients and provide rationale and reference for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer
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