Advances in an Event-Based Spatiotemporal Data Modeling

Xinming Zhu,Jun’Nan Liu,Xiaoyang Lihua,Qing Xu,Haiyan Liu,Ahmed Farouk

doi:10.1155/2021/3532845

Abstract

Spatiotemporal data are vitally important for the national economy and defense modernization since it is not only an important component of human society and geographical information of the environment but also a key carrier of spatiotemporal information. An event-based spatiotemporal data model and its improvements are employed to model spatiotemporal objects, change history, and change relation, which is the main approach to resolve the spatiotemporal change modeling and has been comprehensively developed in modeling theory and applications. This manuscript studies the event-based spatiotemporal data modeling theory based on three aspects of the cognitive theory, which are the spatiotemporal object, the concept of the spatiotemporal dynamic object, and the spatiotemporal object relationship. Then, the implementation characteristics of the models were analyzed regarding the management of cadastral information, analog natural disaster phenomena, and reasoning. Finally, the key points and difficulties of an event-based spatiotemporal data modeling and prospective developmental trends were discussed to provide insights with spatiotemporal data modeling.

Highlights

Abundant spatiotemporal data are the basis for the expression of spatiotemporal phenomena and knowledge mining as they contain information about the occurrence and evolution of spatiotemporal phenomena [1]. ey are of great significance to the national economy and defense modernization. e research of spatiotemporal data model has gone through three major periods [2]: (1) the temporal snapshot period focusing on recording changes in entity state; (2) the object change period focusing on the expression of the relationship before and after an entity change, and (3) the event and activity period focusing on the description of semantic relations of an entity change
The further improvements and applications of the model are restricted since the event-based spatiotemporal data model (ESTDM) and its improvements have been mainly employed at specific scientific problems and applications. is research comprehensively considered the basic process of spatiotemporal data modeling, reviewed the theoretical basis and application characteristics of the existing models, analyzed the theoretical research status of the cognitive theory of spatiotemporal object, spatiotemporal dynamic object concept, and spatiotemporal object relationship, and summarized the application characteristics of the model in cadastral management and both re-enactment and reasoning of a physical geographic phenomenon, which is expected to provide a reference with an improvement and application of the ESTDM
Traditional GIS data modeling only focuses on spatial attribute and thematic attribute information, while dynamic objects composed of events and processes interact with geographical objects to maintain the continuous development of spatiotemporal change in a spatiotemporal setting. is interaction is the key to the complete semantic representation of spatiotemporal changes and is the feature of the ESTDM

Summary

Introduction

With the increasing implementations of a series of new geospatial technologies, such as Mobile Internet and Internet of ings (IoT), the acquisition cycle of spatial information becomes much shorter and the amount and coverage of spatiotemporal data keep on increasing and expanding, including the appearance of typical spatiotemporal data such as trajectory and environmental detection. E research of spatiotemporal data model has gone through three major periods [2]: (1) the temporal snapshot period focusing on recording changes in entity state; (2) the object change period focusing on the expression of the relationship before and after an entity change, and (3) the event and activity period focusing on the description of semantic relations of an entity change. E event-based spatiotemporal data model (ESTDM) and its improvements cope with the typical representatives of the third period.

Theoretical Research on the ESTDM

Application Research of the ESTDM

Model diagram

Conclusion