Advanced Machining Processes

Abstract

Advanced machining processes are the material-removing processes different from conventional machining processes, in which a well-guided wedge-shaped tool removes the material in the form of chips by producing contact stresses. There are a variety of ways in which material is removed using these processes. One method is producing stresses in the workpiece by different means but not with a well-guided wedge-shaped tool. There are several processes in this category, e.g., ultrasonic machining, water jet machining, and abrasive jet machining. Another method is utilizing the thermal effect to melt or vaporize the material. This is accomplished by laser beam machining, electron beam machining, and electrical discharge machining. Ion beam machining bombards ions instead of electrons as in electron beam machining. It is principally different from electron beam machining in the sense that in the former, the material removal mainly takes place by sputtering and not by melting or vaporization. Chemical and electrochemical machining processes provide very good surface finish by making use of principles of chemistry. Combination of two or more processes is also in vogue. One such process is chemical–mechanical polishing, which removes the material by the combined action of chemical process and stresses caused by polishing. Advanced machining processes have become popular and economical and are finding their use in industries.