Abstract
Natural chemical compounds have been widely investigated for their programmed necrosis causing characteristics. One of the conventional methods for screening such compounds is the use of concentrated plant extracts without isolation of active moieties for understanding pharmacological activity. For the last two decades, modern medicine has relied mainly on the isolation and purification of one or two complicated active and isomeric compounds. The idea of multi-target drugs has advanced rapidly and impressively from an innovative model when first proposed in the early 2000s to one of the popular trends for drug development in 2021. Alternatively, fragment-based drug discovery is also explored in identifying target-based drug discovery for potent natural anticancer agents which is based on well-defined fragments opposite to use of naturally occurring mixtures. This review summarizes the current key advancements in natural anticancer compounds; computer-assisted/fragment-based structural elucidation and a multi-target approach for the exploration of natural compounds.
Highlights
Cancer is a disorder in which cells proliferate abnormally deprived of control
Natural phytochemicals have been proven to be effective against different types of cancer
The opportunities and prospects of natural products for drug discovery are being significantly extended with the exploration of plant endophytic fungi, which have been recognized as a decent source of certain bioactive metabolites having an anticancer activity (Chandra, 2012)
Summary
Cancer is a disorder in which cells proliferate abnormally deprived of control. These cancerous cells can attack other nearby tissues and transfer to other body parts via lymph and blood. Healthy cells can change into tumor cells by following the multiple-stage processes resulting from the interaction between genetic factors of the person and external parameters These external parameters include physical carcinogens, for example, UV and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens like asbestos, constituents of tobacco smoke, food. Dabrafenib and vemurafenib treat melanomas having mutated BRAF genes Even though such targeted therapies are promising, currently they are used in very few types of cancers. Multi-target therapy (either in sequential order or in combination) is a widely used approach especially in the cases of intrinsic and acquired resistance towards anti-cancer compounds (Holohan et al, 2013) Drugs such as sunitinib, sorafenib, vandetanib, pazopanib, and axitinib are examples of multi-target treatment of cancer. Another important chemotherapeutic anticancer role is offered by combining potent cytotoxic natural compounds with monoclonal antibodies,
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