Abstract
The sponge of Luffa cylindrical (LFC), a fibrous material, was employed as adsorbent for the removal of Brilliant Green (BGD) from aqueous effluent via batch studies. The optimum removal of BGD was found at pH 8.2 and the equilibrium was attained within 3 hours. The kinetic data are analyzed using several models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, power function, simple elovich, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion. The fitting of the different kinetics models to the experimental data, tested by error analysis, using the linear correlation coefficientr2and chi-square analysisχ2, showed that the mechanism of adsorption process was better described by pseudo-second-order and power function kinetic models. The equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models and the sorption process was described by the Langmuir isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 18.2 mg/g at 303 K. The thermodynamic propertiesΔG0,ΔH0, andΔS0showed that adsorption of BGD onto LFC was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible within the temperature range of 303–313 K.
Highlights
Worldwide, over 7 × 105 tons of dyes and pigments are produced annually [1] and an estimated 90% of this ends up on fabrics [2]
The results showed that the time taken to attain equilibrium was independent of the initial dye concentration
The kinetic studies were performed and the result obtained was fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order, power function, and simple Elovich models
Summary
Over 7 × 105 tons of dyes and pigments are produced annually [1] and an estimated 90% of this ends up on fabrics [2]. Efficient color removal from wastewaters is, of high importance, and so in recent years, it has attracted increased research and technological interest, involving physical and/or chemical methods (i.e., coagulation/flocculation) [6], adsorption [7], oxidation [8], and membrane based separation [9,10,11]. Amongst all these treatment methods, adsorption is the most appropriate and efficient technique for the removal of nonbiodegradable pollutants (including dyes) from waste water [12, 13]. Many adsorbents have been reported for removing some common dyes [14,15,16,17,18,19], such as methyl orange, methylene blue, Congo Red, and Brilliant Green (Figure 1), activated carbon has proven to be the most widely used adsorbent for the removal of dye but this has been restricted due to regeneration problem and high cost [20]
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