Administration of arabica coffee green bean extract (Coffea arabica L.) reduces tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increases superoxide dismutase levels in excessive physical exercise male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Background: Green Arabica coffee bean water extract contains phenolic acid, polyphenols, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid, which are responsible for health benefits including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Excessive exercise induces oxidative stress. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) may be modified by routine administration of green Arabica coffee bean water extract at the appropriate concentration. Thus, the study aimed to determine the effect of green Arabica coffee bean water extract on TNF-α and SOD levels after excessive physical exercise treatment in a male Wistar rat.Methods: This research used a posttest-only control group design method. Subjects were Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male, 2-3 months old, weighing 150-200 grams. The P0 group was not given treatment. Groups P1, P2, P3, and P4 were given excessive physical exercise. Group P1 was given distilled water. Groups P2, P3, and P4 were given Arabica coffee bean extract at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Phytochemical was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) spectrophotometry method for caffeine, but phenolic acid and polyphenol were standardized to gallic acid (GA). Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. TNF-α and SOD levels were determined by ELISA methods. Differences among groups were tested with one-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test at p < 0.001.Results: One-way ANOVA test showed differences in TNF-α levels (F = 6,388.964; p < 0.001). The LSD post hoc test showed that TNF-α levels in the P1 (159.640 ± 0.167) were higher compared to the P0 (151.720 ± 0.303) (p < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α in P2 (139.680 ± 0.303) were lower than in P1 (p < 0.001). However, TNF-α levels in P3 (161.680 ± 0.084) and P4 (163.750 ± 0.412) were higher than in P1. One-way ANOVA test showed that there were differences in SOD levels (F = 5,564.526; p = 0.003). The LSD post hoc test showed that SOD levels in the P1 (0.742 ± 0.009) were lower than those in the P0 (1.448 ± 0.022) (p < 0.001). The levels of SOD in P2 (1.668 ± 0.026) were higher than in P1 (p < 0.001). However, SOD levels in P3 (0.680 ± 0.003) and P4 (0.591 ± 0.010) were lower than in P1.Conclusion: Administration of Arabica coffee green bean extract prevents an increase in TNF-α levels and decreases SOD levels in excessive physical exercise male Wistar rats.