THE EFFECT OF STEEPING ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS ON MONOCYTES: EXPRESSION OF IL-1β AND TNF-α AGAINST Streptococcus mutans

I Dewa Ayu Ratna Dewanti,Pujiana Endah Lestari,Sunlip Wibisono,Roedy Budirahardjo,Maizirwan Mel,Ristya Widi Endah Yani,Dyah Setyorini

doi:10.25186/cs.v14i4.1619

I Dewa Ayu Ratna Dewanti, Pujiana Endah Lestari + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i4.1619

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Abstract

Adhesion, IL–1β, TNF–α are components that affect in inflammation. So, the effect of steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans to adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on this components. This study used monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood using Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation method. Monocytes were divided into eight groups, i. e. (i) Control group (untreated monocytes), (ii) Streptococcus mutans group (monocytes + S. mutans), (iii) Black Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 2.5 % + S. mutans), (iv) Black Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 5 % + S. mutans), (v) black Coffee 10 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 10 % + S. mutans), (vi) Green Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 2.5 % + S. mutans), (vii) Green Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 5 % + S. mutans), (viii) Green coffee 10 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 10 % + S. mutans). S. mutans adhesion on monocytes was analyzed using histochemistry method, while immunocytochemical staining was used for analyzing IL–1β and TNF–α. Cells counting was done per 100 monocytes under a light microscope with 400 × magnification. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results showed that steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans increased the adhesion of S. mutans on monocytes, but it decreased of IL–1β, TNF–α expression (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, steeping of green and black robusta coffee beans reduced inflammation against S. mutans.

Highlights

Coffee contain several substances such as minerals and chemicals
Monocytes were divided into eight groups, i. e. (i) Control group, (ii) S. mutans group, (iii) Black Coffee 2.5 % group, (iv) Black Coffee 5 % group, (v) black Coffee 10 % group, (vi) Green Coffee 2.5 % group, (vii) Green coffee 5 % group, (viii) Green Coffee 10 % group
Whereas LSD analysis (P < 0.05) there was a significant difference between the control group and the black and green coffee group and between the S. mutans group and the black and green coffee groups

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Coffee contain several substances such as minerals and chemicals. Some of those are Ca, K, Fe, P, Ni, Mg, and Cr, as well as polyphenols, caffeine, melanoidins, and carbohydrates (SCALBERT & GARY, 2000, MUSSATTO et al, 2011; VIGNOLI et al.; 2011). Robusta coffee beans have the function of anti-inflamatory activity based on previous studies It increased the cells viability, inhibited to growth S. mutans, decreased inflammatory cell count (in vivo). Robusta coffee increased the number of fibroblast cells and decreased the expression of IL-1α in vitro and in vivo (DEWANTI, 2016) The cytokine interleukin–1β (IL–1β) like TNF–α is a plays role as a mediator of the inflammatory response that plays an important role in the host’s response. It causes damage during chronic diseases and acute tissue injury (CHARLES, 2011; GLORIA & DAVID, 2011). The aim in this study is to analyze the effect of black and green of steeping robusta coffee beans on adhesion of S. mutans on monocytes and the expression of IL–1β, TNF–α in monocytes

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION