Abstract
BackgroundThere are few reports on the effects of ethnicity or gender in the association between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in children of different ages. This study assessed associations between serum concentrations of adiponectin/resistin and parameters of insulin resistance in children from 4 different countries.MethodsA total of 2,290 children were analyzed in this study; each was from one of 4 different countries (Japan, Thailand, Italy and USA), and grouped according to age (8–11 years old in Group 1 and 12–15 years old in Group 2).ResultsAdioponectin was higher in female than in male children, and in Group 1 than in Group 2. Generally, adiponectin was lower in Asian as compared to Italian and American children. These tendencies remained even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) or waist circumstance (WC). Among older children (Group 2), resistin was higher in female than in male children. Significant correlations by non-parametric univariate correlation coefficients and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were found between adiponectin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting serum insulin levels in young Japanese, Italian, and American female children(p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Correlations between serum adiponectin and HOMA-IR were also found among older male Italian, American, and Thai children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In multiple regression analysis by forced entry method, adiponectin correlated with HOMA-IR in Italian and American male children, and in all older female children regardless of country of origin. There was no correlation between resistin and markers of insulin resistance in children from any of the countries.ConclusionsWe conclude that serum adiponectin concentrations are lower in Asian as compared to Italian and American children, and that adiponectin but not resistin contributes to differences in markers for insulin resistance in children from different populations.
Highlights
There are few reports on the effects of ethnicity or gender in the association between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in children of different ages
We conclude that serum adiponectin concentrations are lower in Asian as compared to Italian and American children, and that adiponectin but not resistin contributes to differences in markers for insulin resistance in children from different populations
C) Ethnic Differences: Among both genders, serum insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in children from Italy and the USA compared to children from Japan in Group 1
Summary
There are few reports on the effects of ethnicity or gender in the association between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in children of different ages. This study assessed associations between serum concentrations of adiponectin/resistin and parameters of insulin resistance in children from 4 different countries. There is an increase in the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome among children, within Asian countries [1]. As these children mature into adults, this raises concerns regarding their future risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Winer et al [6] reported that adiponectin in obese children was strongly associated with markers of insulin resistance and of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, but this latter association was independent of insulin resistance
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