Additives in Plastics

Abstract

Research ArticleOpen AccessAdditives in plastics. R D Deanin R D Deanin Search for more papers by this author Published:1 June 1975https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.751135Cited by:11AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractThe polymers used in plastics are generally harmless. However, they are rarely used in pure form. In almost all commercial plastics, they are "compounded" with monomeric ingredients to improve their processing and end-use performance. In order of total volume used, these monomeric additives may be classified as follows: reinforcing fibers, fillers, and coupling agents; plasticizers; colorants; stabilizers (halogen stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and biological preservatives); processing aids (lubricants, others, and flow controls); flame retardants, peroxides; and antistats. Some information is already available, and much more is needed, on potential toxicity and safe handling of these additives during processing and manufacture of plastics products.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Loizidou X, Loizides M and Orthodoxou D (2018) Persistent marine litter: small plastics and cigarette butts remain on beaches after organized beach cleanups, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10.1007/s10661-018-6798-9, 190:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2018. Tato T, Salgueiro-González N, León V, González S and Beiras R (2018) Ecotoxicological evaluation of the risk posed by bisphenol A, triclosan, and 4-nonylphenol in coastal waters using early life stages of marine organisms ( Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Paracentrotus lividus, and Acartia clausi ), Environmental Pollution, 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.031, 232, (173-182), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Lambert S and Wagner M (2017) Environmental performance of bio-based and biodegradable plastics: the road ahead, Chemical Society Reviews, 10.1039/C7CS00149E, 46:22, (6855-6871) Worm B, Lotze H, Jubinville I, Wilcox C and Jambeck J (2017) Plastic as a Persistent Marine Pollutant, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060700, 42:1, (1-26), Online publication date: 17-Oct-2017. Yu J, Sun L, Ma C, Qiao Y and Yao H (2016) Thermal degradation of PVC: A review, Waste Management, 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.041, 48, (300-314), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016. Gewert B, Plassmann M and MacLeod M (2015) Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers floating in the marine environment, Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 10.1039/C5EM00207A, 17:9, (1513-1521) Seltenrich N (2015) New Link in the Food Chain? Marine Plastic Pollution and Seafood Safety, Environmental Health Perspectives, 123:2, (A34-A41), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2015. Waheed S, Rahman S, Husnain S and Siddique N (2011) Hazardous and other element characterization of new and used domestic plastic food containers using INAA and AAS, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 10.1007/s10967-011-1036-8, 292:3, (937-945), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2012. Russell D and McDuffie B (1986) Chemodynamic properties of phthalate esters: Partitioning and soil migration, Chemosphere, 10.1016/0045-6535(86)90553-9, 15:8, (1003-1021), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1986. Russell D and McDuffie B (2006) Analysis for Phthalate Esters in Environmental Samples: Separation from PCB's and Pesticides Using Dual Column Liquid Chromatography, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 10.1080/03067318308071916, 15:3, (165-183), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1983. Aronson C, Serlick E and Preti G (1978) Effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on the isolated perfused rat heart, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 10.1016/0041-008X(78)90295-8, 44:1, (155-169), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1978. Vol. 11June 1975Metrics Downloaded 191 times About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 June 1975Published in print1 June 1975 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.