Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of impaired vision in patients with diabetes mellitus. An adaptive optics retinal camera (rtx1™; Imagine Eyes, France) was used to capture images of cones and retinal arteries from patients with DR. Objective Cone parameters (density, interphotoreceptor distance, and regularity) and retinal artery parameters (wall thickness, lumen diameter, WLR, and WCSA) were analyzed in 36 patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR; 22 with mild NPDR and 14 with moderate NPDR) and in 20 healthy volunteers (the control group). Results Cone density at 2° eccentricities was significantly lower in the DR compared to the control group (19822 ± 4342 cells/mm2 vs. 24722 ± 3507 cells/mm2, respectively). Cone density and regularity decreased with increasing severity of DR. The artery walls were significantly thicker in the DR group. The WLR and WCSA differed significantly between the DR and the control groups (WLR 0.339 ± 0.06 vs. 0.254 ± 0.04; WCSA 5567 ± 1140 vs. 4178 ± 944, respectively). Conclusions Decreased cone regularity and density are seen in patients with mild and moderate NPDR. Abnormalities of retinal arterioles show signs of arteriolar dysfunction in DR. Retinal image analysis with the rtx1 offers a novel noninvasive measurement of early changes in the neural cells and retina vasculature in diabetic eyes.
Highlights
Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes complications in different organs, including the eye
This study investigates the ability of an adaptive optics (AO) system to detect microvascular changes together with photoreceptor density and regularity deterioration in a cohort of diabetic subjects with mild to moderate nonproliferative Diabetic retinopathy (DR) (NPDR)
The study group consisted of patients with diagnosed DR and was subdivided into mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy subgroups according to the International Clinical Disease Severity Scale for DR [3]
Summary
Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes complications in different organs, including the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of impaired vision worldwide [1]. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of impaired vision in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cone parameters (density, interphotoreceptor distance, and regularity) and retinal artery parameters (wall thickness, lumen diameter, WLR, and WCSA) were analyzed in 36 patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR; 22 with mild NPDR and 14 with moderate NPDR) and in 20 healthy volunteers (the control group). Cone density at 2° eccentricities was significantly lower in the DR compared to the control group (19822 ± 4342 cells/mm vs 24722 ± 3507 cells/mm, respectively). Decreased cone regularity and density are seen in patients with mild and moderate NPDR. Retinal image analysis with the rtx offers a novel noninvasive measurement of early changes in the neural cells and retina vasculature in diabetic eyes
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