EFFECT OF STATIN USE ON STATUS OF DIABETIC ETINOPATHY/ DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

AIM: Effect of statin use on status of diabetic retinopathy /diabetic macular edema in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus Check the lipid profile and detail fundus examination of all patients included in study. Effect of lipid lowering agents (statin) on Diabetic retinopathy. Asses the changes in fundus of DME patients after giving statin. MATERIALS AND METHODS:- A prospective study was conducted in the OPD of upgraded department of ophthalmology at LLRM Medical College, Meerut over the duration of from July 2019 to June 2020. The proposed study was in association of status use and hyper triglyceridemia with diabetes macular edema in patients with type-2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Clearance from institution ethics committee was obtained before the study was started. An informed consent was obtained from all the patients before including them in to the study. A total of 86 patients were divided in to two equal groups randomly RESULTS:- A prospective study was conducted in the OPD of upgraded department of ophthalmology at LLRM Medical College, Meerut over the duration of from July 2019 to June 2020 and sample size of patients taken was 86 About 70.9% of the patients in this study were males and 29.1% were females. About 26.7% of the study subjects in this study had diabetes mellitus since 16 – 20 years,25.6% since more than 20 years and 20.9% since 11 – 15 years. During the baseline the CSME in left eye was present in 24.4% of the cases and during follow up,the CSME was present in 10.5% of the cases . At the time of baseline,about 64% of the patients had no CSME in right eye and 36% had CSME.At the time of follow up 87.2% of the cases had no CSME and 12.8% had CSME. In mild NPDR during follow up,44.2% had mild NPDR,24.4% had moderate NPDR and 8.1% had severe NPDR at baseline. About17.4%ofthepatientswhohadmoderateNPDRatbaselinealsohadmoderateNPDRduringfollowupvisits inlefteye. Among all the patients with mild NPDR during follow up, 54.7% had mild NPDR, 22.1% had moderate NPDR and 10.5% had severe NPDR during baseline. About 12.8% who had moderate NPDR during baseline also had moderate NPDR during follow up in right eye Mean cholesterol level during baseline was 154.13 mg/dl and during follow up was 138.12 mg/dl which was statistically significant (p=0.000). The mean triglyceride level during the baseline was 178.37 mg/dl and during follow up was 156 mg/dl which was statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.000). Mean LDL cholesterol level during the baseline was 94.99 mg/dl and during follow up was 61.24 mg/dl which was statistically significant between baseline and follow up (p=0.000). This study had shown improvement of visual acuity,decrease in macular edema and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The study also revealed that ,the statins are effective in decreasing the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. CONCLUSION:- This study had shown improvement of visual acuity,decrease in macular edema and progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients whom statins was given The study also revealed that,the statins are effective in decreasing the total cholesterol(mean value during baseline was 154.13 mg/dl which reduces to 138.12 mg/dl during follow up),LDL cholesterol (mean value reduces from 94.99 mg/dl during baseline to 61.24 mg/dl during follow up)and triglycerides (mean value during baseline 178.37 mg/dl to 156 mg/dl during follow up).as given.