Adaptive Cruise Control of the Autonomous Vehicle Based on Sliding Mode Controller Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

Abstract

This article will focus on adaptive cruise control in autonomous automobiles. The adaptive cruise control inputs are the safety distance which determines thanks to conditions set depending on the distance value, the measured distance, the longitudinal speed of the autonomous automobile itself, the output is the desired acceleration. The objective is to follow the vehicles in front with safety, according to the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor, and maintain a distance between the vehicles in front greater than the safety distance which we have determined. For this, we used super twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) and non-singular terminal sliding mode controller (NTSMC) based on neural network applied to the adaptive cruise control system. The neural network is able to approximate the exponential reaching law term parameter of the NTSMC controller to compensate for uncertainties and perturbations. An autonomous automobile adaptive cruise control system prototype was produced and tested using an ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance between the two automobiles, and an Arduino board as a microcontroller to implement our program, and four DCs motors as actuators to move or stop our host vehicle. This system is processed by code and Simulink Matlab, the efficiency and robustness of these controllers are excellent, as demonstrated by the low longitudinal velocity error value. The safety of autonomous vehicles can be enhanced by improving adaptive cruise control using STSMC and NTSMC based on neural network controllers, which are chosen for their efficiency and robustness.