Acute perforated appendicitis with pre-surgical diagnosis and bilateral inguinal hernia in preterm infants

Abstract

Acute neonatal appendicitis is a rare pathology, with few reports in the last 30 years. Since its clinical presentation and imaging studies are non-specific, most cases are diagnosed during a surgical pro cedure. To describe a neonatal case of acute perforated appendicitis associated with later appearance of inguinal hernia, with pre-surgical diagnosis and treated through laparoscopy. A 17-day-old preterm female newborn presented with fever, irritability, and increased milk intolerance. Physical examination showed abdominal distention, tenderness and both, abdominal X- ray and ultrasound showed compatible images with acute perforated appendicitis. Once the diagnosis was confirmed, we performed an appendicectomy through laparoscopy. Two weeks later, during an outpatient visit, we observed a bilateral inguinal hernia which was confirmed by ultrasound, and then it was surgically corrected. Acute appendicitis should be considered within the differential diagnosis in neonates with acute abdominal symptoms, mainly in premature infants. In this case, ultrasound scan allowed us to make the pre-operative diagnosis. The possible association with inguinal hernias should motivate to examine inguinal ducts during imaging assessment and surgical procedure.