Abstract
This chapter focuses on actin-like protein in human sperm heads. Sera containing smooth muscle autoantibody (SMA), which occur in patients with chronic active hepatitis, are widely used to investigate the presence of actin-like contractile proteins in non-muscle tissues. A lower proportion of spermatozoa, in abnormal semen specimens, can react with SMA. The antigens are localized to cytoplasmic microfilaments, which, with microtubules, form a cytoskeletal system, linking the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. These filaments are implicated in a number of important cellular processes initiated by membrane activation. Ultrastructural studies of sperm from several mammalian species show the presence of parallel ridges or striations in the post-acrosomal region. The conjugate for immunofluorescent tracing of bound immunoglobulin is a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-human-V-globulin, with a fluorescein to protein molar ratio of 4.0 and a protein content of 0.8g/100ml. It is absorbed with homogenates of rat liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and smooth muscle of pig stomach so that it gives no specific staining by itself.
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