Abstract
GPS campaign measurements are still in use in the monitoring of ground deformation. Campaign measurements are frequently referred to because installing permanent stations are costly, and they cannot be installed at the desired density. Using the data from the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) permanent GPS stations, the duration, sampling interval, etc. of the campaign measurements can be simulated. Thus, the contribution of the campaign data to the monitoring of the ground deformation can be evaluated. In this study, we carried out an experiment with the aim of determining the deformation of tectonic plates at the selected IGS stations more accurately considering by extending the observation duration to a full 24 h length. We also made an attempt to take into consideration the antenna set up errors developing a scenario referring to the information available in the literature. We have decimated the continuous data of 40 globally scattered IGS stations into monthly intervals between 2012 and 2016 and estimated the deformation rates at the IGS stations from a continuous time series of four years. The continuous time series solutions for those stations were produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA. We compare velocities (i.e., the deformation rates) determined from GPS campaigns (in which the sampling was performed monthly and four-monthly) with those of the continuous data. The major conclusion of this study is that the vertical velocity estimation accuracy of the GPS campaign measurements had been improved by about 85% by extending the session duration to 24 h. The repetition interval of GPS campaign measurements as per one observation every four months produced only slightly coarser accuracy (i.e., on the average 8% poorer) than those of the measurements repeated once every month.
Highlights
Repeated surveys (i.e., GPS campaigns) with the repetition rate of several consecutive days per year and with session durations of 8–24 h were frequently referred to in the history of GPS positioning [1,2,3]
From a global network of International GNSS Service (IGS) stations, we carried out an experiment in which the ground deformation rate due to tectonic motion estimated from campaign measurements was compared with the ground deformation rate obtained from continuous GPS data
Continuous GPS time series constructed for the IGS stations by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) were utilized in the analysis
Summary
Repeated surveys (i.e., GPS campaigns) with the repetition rate of several consecutive days per year and with session durations of 8–24 h were frequently referred to in the history of GPS positioning [1,2,3]. Duman and Sanli [23] applied a refinement procedure to Akarsu, Sanli and Arslan [22] to improve the success of the velocities derived from GPS campaigns They eliminated the noisy time series obtained in the years 1992–1999 from the generation of campaign measurements, chose GPS days from quieter ionospheric conditions with a kappa index
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