Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A ferruginea extract on Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) induced tumours in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A ferruginea extract (10 mg/ kg.b.wt) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days after DLA tumor challenge. Treatment with extract significantly increased the life span, total white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) content and decreased the level of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and nitric oxide (NO) in DLA bearing ascites tumor models. In addition, administration of extract significantly decreased the tumour volume and body weight in a DLA bearing solid tumor model. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in solid tumour controls, but significantly reduced by A ferruginea administration. On the other hand, the extract stimulated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in animals with DLA induced solid tumours. Increase in CD4+ T-cell population suggested strong immunostimulant activity for this extract. GC/MS and LC/MS analysis showed quinone, quinoline, imidazolidine, pyrrolidine, cyclopentenone, thiazole, pyrazole, catechin and coumarin derivatives as major compounds present in the A ferruginea methanolic extract. Thus, the outcome of the present study suggests that A ferruginea extract has immunomodulatory and tumor inhibitory activities and has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer agent.
Highlights
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) reported there were 7.6 million deaths (≈13% of all deaths) in 2008 and they estimated this will reach 13.1 million deaths by 2030
It has been reported that proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contribute to carcinogenesis by persuading the survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation and metastasis of tumor cells (Lazar et al, 2000; Lawrence, 2007)
To study the effect of A ferruginea extract on cytokines were considered statistically significant compared to those level, blood samples obtained from the above experiment from Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) tumor control hosts at p-values **
Summary
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) reported there were 7.6 million deaths (≈13% of all deaths) in 2008 and they estimated this will reach 13.1 million deaths by 2030. Conventional cancer therapies include surgery and radiation if the tumor is diagnosed at initial stage and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for advanced tumors. These treatments are effective, it associated with severe adverse events include drug resistance and dose-limiting toxicities such as immunosuppression. Development of drugs from natural sources that prevent or inhibit tumor growth by down-regulating select inflammatory factors has become of keen interest in the field of drug discovery and anti-cancer therapies. In this study, we sought to characterize the major phytoconstituents of this particular plant as well as to ascertain the anti-tumor activity of A ferruginea extract in a murine experimental model
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
