Abstract
Abstract Evidence supports complex subclonal relationships in solid tumors, manifested as intratumor heterogeneity. Parallel evolution of subclones, with distinct somatic events occurring in the same gene, signal transduction pathway or protein complex, suggests constraints to tumor evolution that might be therapeutically exploitable. Data from TRACERx, a longitudinal lung cancer evolution study will be presented. Drivers of tumor heterogeneity change during the disease course and contribute to the temporally distinct origins of lung cancer driver events. APOBEC driven mutagenesis appears to be enriched in subclones in multiple tumor types. Oncogene, tumor suppressor gene and drug-induced DNA replication stress are found to drive APOBEC mutagenesis. On-going chromosomal instability, manifested as Mirrored Subclonal Allelic Imbalance (MSAI) is found to be a major driver of intratumor heterogeneity across cancer types, contributing to parallel evolution and selection. Subclonal driver events, evidence of ongoing selection within subclones, combined with genome instability driving cell-to-cell variation is likely to limit the efficacy of targeted monotherapies, suggesting a need for new approaches to drug development and integration of cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. Multiple adaptive mechanisms to neo-antigen evolution have been found in TRACERx highlighting cancer chromosomal instability driving immune evasion and HLA loss and loss of clonal neo-antigens as well as epigenetic repression of neo-antigens. The clonal neo-antigenic architecture may act as a tumor vulnerability to mitigate resistance and treatment failure. Citation Format: Charles Swanton. Cancer evolution: Chromosomal instability and immune evasion [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Published Version
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