Aberrant Overexpression of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein k in Urinary Bladder Cancer Neoplasms

Abstract

Bladder cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers and is considered to be one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nonetheless, the treatment and management of this malignancy can be very prosperous only if disease is detected early. Early diagnosis of Bladder cancer is critically important to alleviate morbidity and mortality rates associated with recurrent disease, and to meliorate the chances of a prosperous outcome. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k (hnRNPK), are multifunctional proteins that are aberrantly overexpressed in various human cancers, and have demonstrated roles in tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, there have been no reports indicating its role in bladder cancer. This study was subsequently aimed at evaluating the expression of hnRNPK in bladder cancer, and determining a correlation of this expression on the basis of various histopathological parameters including type, grade and stage, as well as Bilharzial association. Fifty-eight urinary bladder biopsy specimens were obtained and stained with H&E and analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that hnRNPK expression patterns were differentially expressed in benign, dysplastic and malignant lesions. The results also demonstrated that aberrant overexpression in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma tissue is correlated with a poor prognosis and thus elucidated the potential role of hnRNPK as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker for bladder cancer.