A tulajdonnevek műfajépítő szerepe a Sorsod Borsod című regionális krimiben

Proper names are an important part of language and communication. They are thought to have a special status due to their neuropsychological and psycholinguistic profile. To what extent proper names rely on the same semantic system as common names is not clear. In an fMRI study, we presented the same group of participants with both proper and common names to compare the associated activations. Both person and place names, as well as personally familiar and famous names were used, and compared with words representing concrete and abstract concepts. A whole-brain analysis was followed by a detailed analysis of subdivisions of four regions of interest known to play a central role in the semantic system: angular gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, posterior cingulate complex, and medial temporal lobe. We found that most subdivisions within these regions bilaterally were activated by both proper names and common names. The bilateral perirhinal and right entorhinal cortex showed a response specific to proper names, suggesting an item-specific role in retrieving person and place related information. While activation to person and place names overlapped greatly, place names were differentiated by activating areas associated with spatial memory and navigation. Person names showed greater right hemisphere involvement compared to places, suggesting a wider range of associations. Personally familiar names showed stronger activation bilaterally compared to famous names, indicating representations that are enhanced by autobiographic and episodic details. Both proper and common names are processed in the wider semantic system that contains associative, episodic, and spatial components.Processing of proper names is characterizedby a somewhat stronger involvementthese components, rather thanby a fundamentally different system.

Literature on Personal Names in English, 1954

This paper focuses on English and Polish fixed phrases involving personal and place names. First, the definition of a name and the distinction between proper and c ommon nouns or proprial lemmas and proper names are provided, following a short overview of theories that constitute the basis for any discussion related to proper names. Next, subcategories and sources of names, together with their linguistic characteristics are presented, followed by the working definition of phraseological fixed units. Afterwards, the study is undertaken of personal and place names in fixed phraseological units, surveying a broad list of English and Polish fixed entities that are classified according to five syntactic patterns: phrases with (1) NPs, (2) VPs, (3) PPs, (4) clauses, and (5) similes. Additionally, the biblical, literary, classical, cultural and historical origins of these expressions are pointed out. Finally, in the light of the examined data, the predominance of personal over place names is noticeable, while the items with NPs constitute the vast majority of the phraseological units. Investigating corpus and dictionary evidence, fixed elements typical either of English or only of Polish, or those common to both English and Polish are listed. The most frequent are the units from biblical and mythological sources, while the least popular are the expressions with historical and literary background, as these aspects are unique for each country. With regard to the meaning of the fixed phrases containing proper personal and place names, the data reveal that the units do convey information, recall connotations that arose some time ago in relation to the biblical, mythological, literary, cultural, and historical background, and are still relevant today.

Proper names (PNs) belong to the category of “absolutely unique definite”. Languages vary significantly in the distribution of definite articles with proper names. Sortal classifiers mark definiteness in many numeral classifier languages, while the ability of sortal classifier to mark definiteness on proper names is less-studied. This paper explores the possibility of definite-marking sortal classifiers co-occurring with personal and place names in Zauzou, a Tibeto-Burman language that employs numeral classifiers to express definiteness. Findings of the present study show that (1) personal names are the most prototypical proper names due to their prohibition from combining with a definite-marking sortal classifier; (2) place names are still in the process of developing from common nouns to proper names and display a varied picture. Monomorphemic settlement names, fossilized compound names, and river-type appellative names form a cline ranging from PNs to common nouns (CNs).

This book proposes a new synthesis of the functions of proper names, from a semantic, pragmatic and syntactic perspective. Proper names are approached constructionally, distinguishing prototypical uses from more marked ones such as those in which names are used as common nouns. Since what is traditionally regarded as 'the' class of names turns out to be only one possible function of name-forms (though a prototypical one), the notion of 'proprial lemma' is introduced as the concept behind both proprial and appellative uses of such categories as place names and personal names. New formal arguments are adduced to distinguish proper name function from common noun or pronoun function. The special status of proper names is captured in a unified pragmatic-semantic-syntactic theory: a proper name denotes a unique entity at the level of langue to make it psychosocially salient within a given basic level category. The meaning of the name, if any, does not determine its denotation. An important formal reflection of this characterization of names is their ability to appear in such close appositional constructions as the poet Burns or Fido the dog. The neurolinguistic finding that proper names constitute a separate category is introduced and interpreted within a general linguistic frame of reference. The different kinds of meanings associated with names (categorical, associative, emotive, and grammatical) are shown to be presuppositional in nature. In addition, the book proposes an entirely new classification of proper names as forming a continuum ranging from prototypical (personal and place names) to nonprototypical categories (brand and language names) to citations and autonyms, and a new diachronic classification of family names and nicknames. This book fills an important gap in the current literature, because the most recent linguistic book in English on name theory dates back to 1973. It is explicitly interdisciplinary, taking into account linguistic, philosophical, neurolinguistic, sociolinguistic and dialect geographical aspects of proper names.

The article analyzes the state of codification of proper names in the latest edition of the “Ukrainian orthography” (2019). Our task was to identify and analyze the main changes in the spelling rules for personal and geographical names, as well as to pay attention to certain problems in their codification, answering primarily the following questions: what complex issues of the spelling of proper names are not fully resolved or are not reflected in the current spelling and what spelling points require correction or addition? The analysis revealed inconsistencies and sometimes contradictions in some of the recommendations on the spelling of proper names given in the analyzed section of the current “Ukrainian orthography”. In particular, one of the problematic issues is the transmission of non-Ukrainian proper names from Slavonic (primarily closely related) languages into Ukrainian. The issues that should have been reflected in the analyzed section also include the formation and spelling of detoponymic adjectives. In addition to these problematic issues, the study also revealed so-called formal shortcomings in the coverage and presentation of material in the section “Orthography of proper names”, namely: not always clear structure of the section, cumbersome wording of some rules, incorrect use of linguistic terms, etc. There are many comments about the illustrative material: the presence of irrelevant examples for the rules, cases of illustratin different rules with the same example, insufficient or absent examples for some spelling rules. The analysis made it possible to make certain corrections and additions to the current spelling rules, as well as to formulate a number of recommendations for spelling proper names that have not been covered by the spelling rules to date. The recommendations provided in the course of the study will hopefully expand the range of rules presented in the current “Ukrainian orthography” and will contribute to further improvement of the section Spelling of proper names” of the current spelling, which requires further careful study and discussion in a narrow circle of specialists in the theory and practice of teaching orthography. Keywords: orthography, orthography norm, proper names, personal names, geographical names, place names, toponymic adjectives.

This study examines the cultural patterns embedded in proper names used across 7,999 Turkish film titles through comprehensive corpus analysis. The aim of this article is to determine the most frequent proper names, the number of proper names, the distribution of proper names by genres, and the prominent proper names in proper name types in 7,999 full-length film titles of Turkish movies between 1917 and 2021. Due to the size and specificity of the data in the study, a corpus-based approach was preferred. As a result of the study, it was determined that the most frequently used type of proper name in Turkish film titles is the personal name, and the most frequent number of these names were identified. In addition, the types of proper names found in film titles such as place names, astronomical features, ethnic and social groups, deities, buildings, and more were found and identified. Proper names in Turkish film titles were found to reflect various elements of Turkish social life. For example, while in some film genres the influence of Islam is expressed in the proper names, in other genres the historical cultural heritage of the Turks comes to the fore in the proper names. The study establishes an empirical foundation for comparative research on onomastic practices in national cinemas worldwide.

The article treats the concept of proper name in Juri Lotman’s semiotics, taking into account also studies in the same field by other authors of the Tartu-Moscow school (V. Ivanov, B. Ogibenin, V. Toporov, B. Uspenski). Focus is laid at three sub-topics: name and myth, name and text, name and artistic creation. One of the sources of treating proper name for both the program article by J. Lotman and B. Uspenski (“Myth — Name — Culture”), and works by several other semioticians of the Tartu–Moscow school is confidence in the connection between proper name and mythical (a-semiotic) thought: semiosis equals here with nomination. Proper name plurality, different re-namings affirm the continuing importance of mythical thinking in later culture. Proper names (such as personal names, place names) belong, in addition to natural language, also into a certain individual system, forming thus an interlinguistic layer located on the boundary of language. J. Lotman stresses that art has a specific power of uniting general and proper name (proper name characterized here by individuality, explosiveness). An artistic work is even doubly of proper name character: both the act of creation and its reception are by nature individual and unrepeated. In the opinion of the authors the treatment of proper name by the Tartu-Moscow school contains fruitful and promising standpoints for the analysis of contemporary culture that, however, have been applied unjustifiably little.

The article is devoted to the modern methods of translating the names of places and proper names from French into Russian. All languages have special letters, particular personal names, some of which are deeply rooted in the culture of the speakers of the particular language; consequently, they can create unique difficulties in understanding the culture-specific texts. It is interesting to note that some personal names have different allusions indicating gender, age, geography, history, specific meaning, playfulness of language and cultural connotations when omitting this implied information will result in an appropriate translation. To analyse the transmitting of the names of places and proper names and their meaning from one language to another were taken the translation transformations, transliteration method and practical transcription with the emphasis on providing and explaining numerous examples. It has been revealed that the translation of the names of places and proper names form French into Russian are actively influenced by extra-linguistic factors, including cultural, socio-political, economic, including the realities of the book publishing process and market conditions.

The objective of this article is to present the identifying features of the Northern Sotho proper name as a subcategory of the broader word category N (noun). The article analyses the identifying morphological features and semantic interpretations of two types of the proper name, namely, personal and place names in comparison to the common noun. Some proper names in Northern Sotho have the same phonetic form as the common noun, but can be distinguished by morpho-syntactic means. Common nouns may serve as modifying agents and compound with personal proper names for specific semantic effects. Four morphological forms reveal that both common and proper names are used to form place names, with specific morphological elements selecting either common or proper names. As languages advance, it becomes necessary that linguistic elements such as these be afforded further linguistic exploration for valid automatic identification so that they can be extracted from texts for various applications.

The aim of the study is to determine the role of a proper personal name (anthroponym) in the thematic construction of the dicteme of introducing a character’s image and the entire literary text of the English literature. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the semantic connections of the appellative meanings of personal proper names with the lexical content of dictemes and the whole English text. The scientific novelty of the work also lies in the presentation of a new model of a proper name analysis: dictemic analysis. The results obtained have shown that the theme of fiction can be determined in the initial dictemes of introducing an artistic image, the personal name of which correlates with the ideological content of the text and serves as an additional characteristic of a literary hero.

Recent research has shown that proper names morphosyntactically differ from common nouns in many ways. However, little is known about the morphological and syntactic/distributional differences between proper names and common nouns in less known (Non)-Indo-European languages. This volume brings together contributions which explore morphosyntactic phenomena such as case marking, gender assignment rules, definiteness marking, and possessive constructions from a synchronic, diachronic, and typological perspective. The languages surveyed include Austronesian languages, Basque, English, German, Hebrew, and Romance languages. The volume contributes to a better understanding not only of the contrasts between proper names and common nouns, but also of formal contrasts between different proper name classes such as personal names, place names, and others.

With the evaluation of numerous sources for personal and place names in the Niederlausitz (Lower Lusatia) new information also was gained to shed further light on three place names in the Leipzig area. The Niederlausitz place name Kolkwitz and the Leipzig place name Kulkwitz, wich have a very similar historical documentation, originally were traced back to *Kolkovici, from the personal name *Kolk, and also to *Kolkovica, from an appellative *kol, respectively, the diminutive *kolk 'pile, peg, stick, pole'. A more likely possibility is probably *Golkowici, from the personal name *Golk, which has been verified as a frequent family name in Lower Lusatia. Until now one presumed that the hybrid place name Meusdorf was derived from the Sorbian personal name *Mič< Nikolaus. The oldest historical forms- 1245 Mitisdorf, 1254 Mitisdorf, and only in 1339 Miczdorf - would seem to indicate a derivation from a personal name *Mět or *Mětiš. Both are common as family names in the Lausitz. One traced the name Schkölen, a place not far from Leipzig, on the basis of *skol < *sьkolь,, back to kol 'pile' and arrived at the meaning of a 'settlement near or with a palisade rampart', also because there is a circular rampart in the vicinity of the village. We have traced back the Niederlausitz place names Schollen and Schuhlen, which based on a chain of evidence closely correspond to Schkölen, to *Skolin, from the personal name *Skola, which was often used as a family name in the Niederlausitz. This interpretation is most probably also valid for Schkölen. This article once again demonstrates the close relationships between personal names and place names.

The article explores the use of proper names as a source of wordplay in the classroom bilingual interaction in English as a second language. It is noted that wordplay becomes a means of accommodation to the onomastic system of a foreign language when proper names trigger bilingual metalinguistic reflection. The author emphasizes that wordplay is a process of deliberate deviation from language norms in which the proper name is a standard language unit (‘normema’) that undergoes linguistic reinterpretation and turns into a non-standard language unit (‘igrema’) developing both formal and semantic changes. It is exactly the non-standard nature of onomastic units under study and the specificity of the material that explain the novelty of the present research. This paper aims to identify the reasons why proper names become a source of non-standard language units in the classroom bilingual speech. Two groups of such reasons are distinguished, namely, the features of the formal morphological structure of proper names and features of their lexical meaning. It appears that wordplay occurs in proper names that include a ‘transferable’ component, creating an associative metatextual reference in the bilingual mind. Proceeding from the fact that such components can be found on the phonemic, morphemic, or lexical level, the author describes three corresponding models of wordplay. It is noted that wordplay mostly involves proper names with a distinct social component that is also relevant in the community of native English speakers. These include personal and place names, names of organizations and products. For each type of proper names, the author suggests two types of the development of the semantic connection between a standard language unit and a non-standard language unit: the one that does not involve the internal form of a proper name and another one that is based on it.

This article deals with both the word-formation mechanism of blending and the creative process involved in providing characters with proper names in cartoons or TV series for children in English. The study addresses the nature and features of proper and common names, two apparently well-distinguished categories, as well as, and basically fictional proper names, by suggesting differences between fictional proper names and other types of proper and common names. Furthermore, it discusses the presence of blending in fiction and in fictional proper names, with special reference to charactonyms. The main focus of this work is on blended charactonyms in cartoons addressed to children, which for the purposes of this study will be called cartoonyms or charactoons. Questions such as the following are addressed: the formation or creation of cartoonyms or charactoons from pre-existing material; the semantic motivations behind their formation; their resulting structural complexity; their particularly descriptive, expressive and meaningful nature; as well as how suitable they are to the genre in which they are used.