Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an established and verified technology that can implement zero emissions on a large enough scale to limit temperature rise to below 2 °C, as stipulated in the Paris Agreement. However, leakage from CCS sites must be monitored to ensure containment performance. Surface monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations at onshore CCS sites is one method to locate and quantify CCS site leakage. Employing soil accumulation chambers, we have established baseline data for the natural flux of CO2 as a threshold alert to detect CO2 leakage flux to ensure the safety of onshore CCS sites. Within this context, we conducted on-site CO2 measurements at three different locations (A, B, and C) on the INAS test field at the Ito campus, Kyushu University (Japan). Furthermore, we developed a specific measurement system based on the closed-chamber method to continuously measure CO2 flux from soil and to investigate the correlation between CO2 flux from the soil surface and various parameters, including environmental factors and soil sample characteristics. In addition, gas permeability and the effect of different locations on soil CO2 flux are discussed in this study. Finally, we present an equation for estimating the soil CO2 flux used in the INAS field site that includes environmental factors and soil characteristics. This equation assists in defining the threshold line for an alert condition related to CO2 leakage at onshore CCS sites.

Highlights

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions to the atmosphere have gradually increased, causing a global warming phenomenon over the past one to two centuries

  • Depths is Different one of the most significant parameters related to soil CO2 flux

  • To determine the appropriate depth atmost which to measure soil temperature, Soil temperature is one of the significant parameters related to temperature soil CO2 flux

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Summary

Introduction

Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions to the atmosphere have gradually increased, causing a global warming phenomenon over the past one to two centuries. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global CO2 emissions are currently rising at approximately 42 ± 3 Pg C per year [1]. Surface temperatures will be 2 ◦ C higher than in the pre-industrial era (before 1876) in the coming decades. A number of different approaches are being considered to mitigate CO2 emissions [2], as set out in the Paris Agreement and include the following: Improve energy efficiency and promote energy conservation. Increase usage of low-carbon fuels, including natural gas, hydrogen, or nuclear power. Utilize renewable energy such as solar, wind, hydropower, and bioenergy

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