Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a more attractive transportation option, as they offer great cost savings, decrease foreign oil dependency, and reduce carbon emissions. However, varying temporal and spatial demand patterns of EVs threatens power grid operations and its physical components. Thus, the ability of the power grid to handle the potential extra load has become a major factor in the mainstream success. In order for this integration to occur seamlessly, the power grid and the consumers need to be coordinated in harmony. In this paper, we address the critical challenges introduced by the penetration of EVs, systematically categorize the proposed frameworks for demand management, and the role of information and communication technologies in the solution process. We provide a comprehensive survey on the communication requirements, the standards and the candidate technologies towards the Internet of electric vehicles (IoEV). This survey summarizes the current state of research efforts in electric vehicle demand management and aims to shed light on the continued studies.
Highlights
As the dependence on a single energy source exposes economies to unstable global oil market and increases environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest to push electric vehicles into mainstream acceptance
Cellular networks have the following advantages: (1) cellular communication technology is mature enough to meet smart grid needs; (2) since all cellular networks operate on licensed spectrum, there is no need to pay for unlicensed bands; and (3) cellular networks are scalable enough to connect huge number of Electric vehicles (EVs)
6 Conclusions In this paper, we provided a survey of the communication requirements and technologies for the Internet of electric vehicles
Summary
1.1 Introduction As the dependence on a single energy source (crude oil) exposes economies to unstable global oil market and increases environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest to push electric vehicles into mainstream acceptance. The long term solution involves the upgrade of the power grid components, by considering the potential cost of such investments, the practical solution for the near term would be to develop intelligent control and scheduling techniques to aid the power grid operations The realization of such frameworks requires appropriate communication architectures that will enable reliable interaction between the grid and the EV drivers to optimally control power flow under varying network conditions. A handful of surveys have attempted to discuss general smart grid communication requirements, standards, and protocols for household demand management [7,8,9,10]. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the electric vehicle network communications for smart grid applications and, to the IoEV challenges.
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