New Challenges of Wireless Power Transfer and Secured Billing for Internet of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Smart grid modernization and integration of Internet of electric vehicles (IoEVs) have attracted much attention due to their processing capability and convenience. In addition, the developments of magnetic resonance or inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies can improve the efficiency of power transmission and user convenience. In particular, the use of renewable energy resources (RERs) is very attractive for low-carbon clean energy, and thus we can imagine integration services that utilize RERs and IoEVs. Accordingly, energy trading markets among IoEVs and power stations will appear in future smart grids. Thus, this article proposes an auction mechanism for energy trading markets of IoEV and RER power stations. Moreover, we can imagine a convenient system where IoEVs can automatically be charged from the WPT charging pad when they are parked in an IoEV parking lot. However, to realize such a convenient system, there are several problems that need to be resolved. Suppose that many IoEVs are parked in the parking lot; then due to power system constraints, it is impossible to simultaneously charge all IoEVs at maximum power. Therefore, an efficient load scheduling algorithm that allows several electric vehicle service equipments (EVSEs) to charge many IoEVs is required. Furthermore, when IoEVs are automatically charged in the anticipated convenient system, it is particularly challenging to design a suitable and secure billing system. In this article, we introduce the advantages of a convenient system that integrates IoEVs and a smart grid. We also discuss the challenges and solutions for future charging and billing systems.