Abstract
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an emerging type of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) with robust applications in intelligent traffic management systems. VANET has drawn significant attention from the wireless communication research community and has become one of the most prominent research fields in intelligent transportation system (ITS) because of the potential to provide road safety and precautionary measures for the drivers and passengers. In this survey, we discussed the basic overview of the VANET from the architecture, communication methods, standards, characteristics, and VANET security services. Second, we presented the threats and attacks and the recent state-of-the-art methods of the VANET security services. Then, we comprehensively reviewed the authentication schemes that can protect vehicular networks from malicious nodes and fake messages. Third, we discussed the latest simulation tools and the performance of the authentication schemes in terms of simulation tools, which was followed by the VANET applications. Lastly, we identified the open research challenges and gave future research directions. In sum, this survey fills the gap of existing surveys and summarizes the latest research development. All the security attacks in VANETs and their related countermeasures are discussed with respect to ensuring secure communication. The authentication schemes and comprehensive applications were introduced and analyzed in detail. In addition, open research challenges and future research directions were issued.
Highlights
In recent years, the new development and enhancement in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have gained significant attention from both industry and research communities
Replay Attack: The attacker aims to repeat or delay transmission fraudulently by having a valid data and inject beacon and messages received before the Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) network continuously, which may cause difficulty for traffic authority to identify the vehicles in case of the emergency [84,85]
The VANET is a vital and promising research area in ITS due to high mobility and dynamic network topology. It aims to ensure the safety of human lives on the street by broadcasting safety messages among the vehicles and provide comfort services to the passengers
Summary
The new development and enhancement in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have gained significant attention from both industry and research communities. VANET is a type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with road routes, which aim to provide traffic safety, improve traffic flow, and enhance the driving experiences. It relies on transportation authorities for registering and managing the roadside units (RSUs) and onboard units (OBUs) [4]. To effectively apply the VANETs in the wireless communication technology, the security and privacy issues must be handled efficiently by designing a sophisticated algorithm, which can tackle all kinds of threats and attacks To address these issues, several research studies have proposed the related authentication and privacy schemes.
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