Routing and Congestion in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET’s): Characteristics, Challenges and Solutions

Abstract

AbstractVehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are the special types of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) designed to assist drivers in emergency situations and improve the overall driving experience. The VANET is an infrastructure-less environment with communication-enabled highly mobile vehicular nodes and has capabilities of sending and receiving various messages using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). VANET uses IEEE 802.11p standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) for sharing traffic and safety information. VANET is playing a crucial role in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) by avoiding accidents and reducing pollution to achieve accident-free and pollution-less motorways. Highly mobile vehicular nodes and rapidly changing network topology throws many challenges in the dissemination of critical messages in VANET. Improper routing in emergency and Safety applications will result in congestion and degradation of network performance and QOS. This survey paper presents an overview of VANET with the help of VANET communications, characteristics, and applications of VANET. This article discusses the problem of congestion and reviews the researcher’s contribution to solving congestion problems as it plays a major role in the Quality of Service (QOS) of VANET.KeywordsQuality of Service (QOS)Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET)Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)RoutingCongestion control