Abstract
A stochastic model is presented for the prediction of the gravity effects on velocity and temperature fluctuations in turbulent flows laden with solid particles. Both temporal and spatial correlations as well as the anisotropy of turbulence are included in the model. It is found that the inclusion of the spatial correlation is imperative for capturing the gravity effects. The performance of the stochastic model is assessed by comparisons of the results with direct numerical simulation data for isotropic and homogeneous shear turbulent flows. The comparisons are also used to investigate the effect of the empirical constant that appears in the expression used for the spatial correlation.
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