Abstract
Despite the advanced treatment strategies, breast cancer remains the second cancer causing mortality across women worldwide. Notch signaling pathway has been found to be emerged in several cancers as well as in acquired and innate drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the role of Notch molecular mechanism could harbor beneficial impact to overcome chemoresistance and developing novel treatment strategies for cancer. Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used against cancer but resistance is frequently occurs with limited therapeutic efficacy. One approach to overcome such unfavorable resistance is using complementary therapies with CIS. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a main compound in the essential oil of Nigella sativa. It has potent oncostatic activity by modulation of multiple regulatory pathways. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine derivative with remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. Combining TQ and PTX with CIS could be a promising strategy to suppress Notch signaling and overcome CIS resistance.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second cancer causing mortality across women
Breast cancer incidence rate in Egypt were estimated based upon results from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be about 47% with 18.8% mortality rate among women in 2018 (IARC 2018)
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that was discovered in 1965 by Barnett Rosenberg and it is effectively used in treating several cancers
Summary
Breast cancer is the second cancer causing mortality across women. GLOBOCAN 2018 estimated the new breast cancer cases to be 2,088,849 with 626,679 deaths among women (Ferlay et al 2019). Breast cancer incidence rate in Egypt were estimated based upon results from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be about 47% with 18.8% mortality rate among women in 2018 (IARC 2018). Several studies outlined its effectiveness in hindering and treating cancer (Zidan et al 2018). It has antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidant properties (Majdalawieh et al 2015). PTX fights cancer through its apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and immunomodulatory properties (Niderla-Bielińska et al 2018)
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