Abstract
The most challenging problem to protect the microgrids is the integration of different types of distributed generations, which leads to the bidirectional load flow and different fault current levels. On the other hand, the use of voltage and current measurements in nodes increases the cost of fault location methods. This paper proposes a technique to calculate the distance and branch of fault for microgrids in islanded and grid-connected modes by calculating the current and voltage difference at the terminals of each branch. This method obtains the voltages and currents of all nodes by installing measuring devices at the point of common coupling and the location of distributed generations. This technique uses a distributed parameter line model and node data to determine fault locations in the microgrid, considering distributed generation such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, and electric vehicles. This technique does not require distributed generation models. Moreover, it requires less than a quarter of the data of a cycle. The efficiency of proposed the technique is investigated by a modified IEEE 15-bus in MATLAB/SIMULINK and a 7-bus test system in the power system simulator. Besides, studies are conducted on the impacts of various fault resistance and inductance, different fault locations, different fault inception angles, measurements error, and ARC faults. The results showed that the proposed approach is extremely accurate compared to other fault location methods in microgrids.
Published Version
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